More than 16,000 Palestinians, most of them civilians, have been killed in Israel’s response to Hamas’s Oct. 7 attack. As Israel resumes ground operations in Gaza, is there an end in sight?

Rashid Khalidi is the author of The Hundred Years’ War on Palestine: A History of Settler Colonialism and Resistance and a professor at Columbia University. He describes why he thinks decades of failures of diplomacy have led to this moment and why the Biden administration’s Middle East policy gets an “F” in his report card.

Suggested reading:

FP Contributors: How Will This War End? How Can the Next One Be Prevented?

Tareq Baconi: What Was Hamas Thinking?

Steven A. Cook: Israel May End Up Reoccupying Gaza

Steven Simon and Aaron David Miller: Grading Biden on the Israel-Hamas War

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Grading Biden’s Middle East policy