Primary Care Perspectives: Episode 69 - Recognizing and Treating Febrile Seizures
Dec 18, 2019
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Sara Fridinger, MD, a pediatric neurologist from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, discusses the nature of febrile seizures in young children. She highlights that while common between 18 and 24 months, they can be alarming for parents. Sara differentiates between simple and complex seizures, offering practical advice on managing them and knowing when to seek help. She also clarifies that febrile seizures are not linked to long-term epilepsy or developmental issues, reassuring families about safety and care protocols.
Febrile seizures are most common in children aged 18 to 24 months and typically occur with fevers above 38 degrees Celsius.
Differentiating between simple and complex febrile seizures is crucial for determining the appropriate care and follow-up needed after an event.
Deep dives
Understanding Febrile Seizures
Febrile seizures typically occur in children aged six months to five years and are associated with fevers exceeding 38 degrees Celsius. These seizures can manifest in different forms, generally as generalized seizures that involve the entire body. Post-ictal states often follow febrile seizures, characterized by a period of confusion or sleepiness, which varies in duration depending on the seizure's length and any medications administered. Being familiar with a child's normal behavior can help parents differentiate between post-ictal drowsiness and typical sleepiness, especially after a seizure that occurs during night-time.
Identifying Simple vs. Complex Febrile Seizures
Distinguishing between simple and complex febrile seizures is essential for determining the necessary next steps after an event occurs. Simple febrile seizures last under 15 minutes, involve both sides of the body, and occur only once within a 24-hour period, generally posing less risk. In contrast, complex febrile seizures may last longer, show focal features, or happen multiple times within a day, necessitating further evaluation and possibly additional testing. Properly identifying these characteristics ensures appropriate care and follow-up, especially when it comes to resolving seizures and ensuring the child's safety.
Long-Term Implications and Medical Guidance
Most children who experience febrile seizures do not go on to develop epilepsy, with the risk slightly increased; however, it remains low at 2-4%. Additionally, febrile seizures do not correlate with significant long-term developmental issues or learning disabilities, as multiple studies indicate no differences in academic performance or IQ compared to peers without such experiences. Regarding medical management, there is no evidence supporting the use of antipyretics to prevent future febrile seizures, and families should be advised to use fever-reducing medications solely for comfort. Referrals to specialists are generally reserved for children with complex seizures or those displaying developmental concerns, streamlining the care process in situations requiring further expertise.