Rhiannon Stephens, "Poverty and Wealth in East Africa: A Conceptual History" (Duke UP, 2022)
Feb 22, 2025
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Rhiannon Stephens, Professor of History at Columbia University and author of 'Poverty and Wealth in East Africa: A Conceptual History,' dives deep into the nuanced history of wealth and poverty in Eastern Uganda. She highlights how people have redefined these concepts over 2,000 years, well before colonial influences. Through innovative methods combining linguistics, archaeology, and oral traditions, she challenges colonial narratives and explores the impact of climate on cultural understandings of wealth, revealing a rich tapestry of local perspectives.
Rhiannon Stephens highlights the significance of historical linguistics in understanding the evolving concepts of poverty and wealth in Eastern Uganda.
The podcast emphasizes the interrelatedness of material, social, and emotional dimensions in defining poverty and wealth beyond mere economic indicators.
Deep dives
The Importance of Conceptual History
The study of poverty and wealth transcends mere socioeconomic markers, delving into the conceptual frameworks that societies use to articulate these ideas. Historical linguistics plays a pivotal role in reconstructing the meanings of words associated with poverty and wealth, allowing for a deeper understanding of cultural and social dynamics. Rhiannon Stevens emphasizes that poverty and wealth are not just oppositional concepts; rather, they are interrelated, reflecting the complexities of human experience and social relations. This perspective urges a reconsideration of preconceived notions about African history and challenges the simplicity often attributed to these concepts within popular discourse.
Eastern Uganda's Diverse Histories
Eastern Uganda serves as a unique lens through which to examine the diverse expressions of poverty and wealth due to its linguistic, economic, and political variety. The region's historical context, marked by marginalization and lack of centralized political power, reveals a complex tapestry of social relations that inform how poverty is experienced and understood. Notably, local practices such as pastoralism and fishing illustrate the adaptive strategies communities employed to navigate their environment and sustain livelihoods. The linguistic richness of the area, with multiple languages coexisting, further enhances the multiplicity of expressions surrounding these concepts, challenging the notion of a singular narrative.
Material, Social, and Emotional Dimensions
Stevens categorizes concepts of poverty and wealth into three comprehensive dimensions: material, social, and emotional. Material aspects focus on tangible possessions like livestock and land, while social considerations highlight kinship ties and communal relationships that shape individual standing within society. Emotional dimensions address the psychological implications of poverty, revealing how personal suffering intersects with broader social perceptions. This multifaceted approach underscores that definitions of wealth and poverty are not purely economic but are deeply embedded within the fabric of emotional and social life.
Impact of Colonialism on Wealth and Poverty Concepts
The 19th and early 20th centuries marked a significant upheaval in Eastern Uganda due to external influences such as colonialism, taxation, and missionary activities. These changes transformed wealth from a primarily communal concept into individualized forms, placing emphasis on cash accumulation and new hierarchies of power. While some disruptions caused by events like the Rinderpest epidemic were transient, the introduction of new economic structures led to enduring shifts in how wealth and poverty were perceived. This period highlights the dynamic nature of these concepts, illustrating that external forces can reshape foundational understandings of social status and economic interactions.
In Poverty and Wealth in East Africa: A Conceptual History(Duke UP, 2022), Rhiannon Stephens offers a conceptual history of how people living in eastern Uganda have sustained and changed their ways of thinking about wealth and poverty over the past two thousand years. This history serves as a powerful reminder that colonialism and capitalism did not introduce economic thought to this region and demonstrates that even in contexts of relative material equality between households, people invested intellectual energy in creating new ways to talk about the poor and the rich. Stephens uses an interdisciplinary approach to write this history for societies without written records before the nineteenth century. She reconstructs the words people spoke in different eras using the methods of comparative historical linguistics, overlaid with evidence from archaeology, climate science, oral traditions, and ethnography. Demonstrating the dynamism of people's thinking about poverty and wealth in East Africa long before colonial conquest, Stephens challenges much of the received wisdom about the nature and existence of economic and social inequality in the region's deeper past.