Fascism and Social Revolution by R.P. Dutt (Part 1)
Sep 27, 2022
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This podcast discusses the emergence and functions of fascism in Europe, drawing on Leninist ideas about Imperialism. It also explores the relationship between science and the bourgeoisie, the consequences of Britain's closed empire policy, and the characteristics and origins of fascism. Additionally, it analyzes the role of pharmacists and the petite bourgeoisie in the fascist revolution, along with the decline in property ownership and the rise of fascism in Germany.
Fascism is a product of modern capitalism, driven by the aim to maintain and intensify the capitalist dictatorship.
Fascism seeks to suppress and control the power of the working class while promoting class cooperation.
Fascism rejects parliamentary democracy in favor of authoritarian methods of governance and executive power.
Fascism is closely tied to imperialistic tensions, militarization, and sees war as an essential part of its policies and goals.
Deep dives
Fascism as the working out of modern capitalism
Fascism is not a separate ideology, but a result of the most typical tendencies and policies of modern capitalism. It is driven by the aim of maintaining capitalism and intensifying the capitalist dictatorship.
Limitation and repression of the working class
Fascism seeks to suppress and limit the independent working class movement, while promoting class cooperation. It aims to weaken and control the power of the working class.
Revolt against parliamentary democracy
Fascism is characterized by a rejection of parliamentary democracy, with an increasing preference for authoritarian methods of governance and executive power.
Advance to war as a necessary outcome
Fascism is closely tied to the escalation of imperialistic tensions and militarization. It sees war as an essential component of its policies and goals.
The Character of Fascism and its Origins
Fascism developed as a practical movement without a specific theory. It arose as a counter-revolutionary force supported by the bourgeoisie to defeat proletarian revolution. The distinctive characteristics of fascism are not derived from original or distinctive thought, but rather from the dominant school of bourgeois political philosophy. Fascism is fostered and maintained by big capital and is placed in power by the bourgeoisie. It is a mixture of elements, primarily petite bourgeoisie, slum proletariat, and demoralized working-class, directed by finance capital, with the aim of crushing the working class revolution and suppressing working class organizations.
The Role of the Middle Class and its Relationship with the Proletariat
The middle class, particularly the lower strata, such as small business owners, independent workers, and professionals, is faced with impoverishment and pro-laterization. This crisis, along with the collapse of bourgeois democracy, leads these elements to turn to political activity. While finance capital seeks to recruit the middle class as its auxiliary, aligning with fascism, the proletariat offers a line of communism that aligns with the interests of the majority of the middle class. The choices before the middle class are siding with either finance capital or the proletariat. The failure of decisive working-class leadership and the retreat of reformism encourage the growth of fascism.
The Definition of Fascism
Fascism arises under specific historical conditions characterized by capitalist instability, declassed social elements, proletarianization of the urban petite bourgeoisie, discontent among the petite bourgeoisie, and the constant threat of proletarian action. To stabilize its rule, the bourgeoisie abandons parliamentary systems in favor of fascist systems. Fascism uses direct dictatorship, social demagoguery, corruption, and violence to destroy the revolutionary labor of the proletariat and establish a terrorist dictatorship of big capital. Fascism seeks to capture power, establish unity among the ruling classes, and create a state based on violence and coercion.
R. Palme Dutt was born in the U.K. in 1896, and came of age during the lead up to World War I. He was a conscientious objector, and after the war ended, he joined the newly-formed Communist Party of Great Britain. He was a strong supporter of the Soviet Union, and was an important figure in the Comintern, where he eventually rose to leadership of the CPGB and also served as an advisor to the Communist Party of India.
In Fascism and Social Revolution Dutt places the emergence of fascism in Europe in the context of the capitalist liberal democracies that spawned it, and carefully lays out the conditions of its emergence and the functions it performs. Drawing on Leninist ideas about Imperialism, Dutt sees fascism as another step in Capitalism’s degeneration. Writing well before the Second World War and the atrocities that carved the word Fascism into history, Dutt’s analysis is prophetic, both for his time and our own.
This recording covers Part 1 of the reading for the Red Start discussion.