Shon Hiatt is a business professor and director of the Business of Energy Transition initiative at the University of Southern California. He researches entrepreneurship, strategy, innovation, and sustainability, with an emphasis in energy and agribusiness. His work has been published in leading academic journals and featured in popular media outlets. Before joining USC, he was a faculty member at Harvard Business School. In this episode we discuss the following:

• The demand for energy, specifically and surprisingly for coal and petroleum, has never been greater, especially with the growth of energy-intensive data centers that power AI. But each energy source comes with tradeoffs, so the more diversified energy sources countries have, the greater potential for resiliency when shocks hit the system.
• Estimates indicate that an electric car only becomes less carbon intensive than a combustion engine after it’s been driven for 100,000 miles, in part because dirty energy is often used to charge the batteries, plus mining the material to create the batteries is energy intensive.
• While nuclear power is quite clean and becoming much safer, it is especially expensive due to regulatory burdens that haven’t been updated with the latest technology. And while wind and solar help meet overall demand, they cannot reliably hit base load demand.
• As Shon tells his students, the holy grail for energy production balances security, safety, affordability, reliability, and cleanliness. In other words, when it comes to energy policy there are no simple solutions. Only tradeoffs.

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