New Books in East Asian Studies

Stevan Harrell, "An Ecological History of Modern China" (U Washington Press, 2023)

Feb 1, 2026
Stevan Harrell, professor emeritus of anthropology and environmental and forest sciences, brings decades of research on China’s environmental transformations. He contrasts ecological history with environmental history. Conversations cover land, water, food, cities and industry. Topics include the Great Leap Forward’s ecological collapse, modern agribusiness and migration, dikes and rigidity traps, ecological civilization rhetoric, and persistent water and soil risks.
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INSIGHT

Social-Ecological Systems Matter

  • Ecological history centers systems and science, not just human decisions about nature.
  • Stevan Harrell frames China as a social-ecological system where humans and biophysical elements co-evolve.
INSIGHT

Why Early PRC Neglected Agriculture

  • The PRC prioritized heavy industry over direct rural investment to drive modernization and security.
  • The state also redirected rural surplus and collectivized labor to fund and supply industrial growth.
INSIGHT

Four Failures That Triggered Ecological Collapse

  • The Great Leap Forward failed by distorting multiple system variables and ignoring feedbacks, causing ecological collapse and mass famine.
  • Harrell names four failures: single-variable maximization, steel obsession, cross-scale mismatches, and ignoring feedback loops.
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