‘Determinants of multilevel discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia’ with Rob Cavanaugh
Oct 14, 2023
auto_awesome
Research Data Analyst Rob Cavanaugh discusses his dissertation on multilevel discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia. They explore different treatments and ongoing clinical trials for aphasia, highlighting challenges in analyzing discourse measures. The speakers discuss the disappointment of not seeing expected effects on discourse measures and discuss strategies to improve treatment outcomes.
The train and hope approach for aphasia treatment, which relies on training skills without a clear mechanism for generalization, is ineffective, emphasizing the need for treatment approaches that scaffold the use of trained skills in specific contexts or incorporate a range of strategies to support generalization.
Solely focusing on training word retrieval using Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) may not be sufficient to facilitate effective communication in real-world contexts, highlighting the need for treatment approaches that facilitate the transfer of trained skills to meaningful communicative situations.
The study raises questions about the efficacy of Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) treatment for aphasia, as it does not result in significant improvements in broader discourse outcomes, suggesting the need for a shift towards treatment approaches that facilitate the transfer of trained skills to real-life communication.
Deep dives
Lack of Generalization in SFA Treatment for Aphasia
The study examines the limited generalization of Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) treatment for aphasia. The research involved 60 individuals with aphasia who underwent an intensive SFA trial consisting of 60 hours of treatment over three to four weeks. The study found that there were no significant changes in discourse outcomes, formativeness, predicate-argument structures, or global coherence after the treatment. The results indicate that the train and hope approach, where individuals are expected to generalize the trained skills to real-world communication, is insufficient. Instead, the study suggests the need for a theoretical mechanism that focuses on how individuals can use the trained skills effectively in their everyday contexts.
The Train and Hope Paradigm
The train and hope paradigm, which relies on training skills without a clear mechanism for generalization, is not an effective approach for aphasia treatment. The study emphasizes the importance of considering how trained skills can be applied in real-world communication contexts that individuals care about. The train and hope approach often leads to significant improvements in naming trained words but lacks generalization to real-life communication. To overcome this limitation, the study recommends developing treatment approaches that scaffold the use of trained skills in specific contexts or incorporating a range of treatment strategies to support generalization.
Implications for Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) Treatment
The research findings call into question the efficacy of Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) treatment for aphasia. The study reveals that SFA, despite its popularity, does not result in significant improvements in broader discourse outcomes. The lack of generalization observed suggests that solely focusing on training word retrieval using SFA may not be sufficient to facilitate effective communication in real-world contexts. Consequently, the study highlights the need for a shift in treatment approaches, such as incorporating treatment strategies that facilitate the transfer of trained skills to meaningful communicative situations.
The Study's Wide Inclusion of Aphasia Severity
The two studies discussed in the podcast cast a wide net for including people of all different levels of aphasia severity. While the exact criteria for qualification and severity were not explicitly mentioned, it was implied that the studies aimed to include individuals ranging from mild to severe aphasia.
Improvements in Trained and Semantically Related Items
The podcast mentioned that in the first trial, there were robust improvements in participants' performance on trained items. The exact nature of the training was not specified, but these improvements were significant. Additionally, there were indications of some improvements in semantically related untrained items, though these improvements were smaller in magnitude. The results from the second trial were not available at the time of the podcast recording.
In this episode, I talk with Rob Cavanaugh, Research Data Analyst at the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Center at Northeastern University, about his dissertation ‘Determinants of multilevel discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia’.
Cavanaugh, R. Determinants of multilevel discourse outcomes in anomia treatment for aphasia. Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. [dissertation]
Get the Snipd podcast app
Unlock the knowledge in podcasts with the podcast player of the future.
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode
Save any moment
Hear something you like? Tap your headphones to save it with AI-generated key takeaways
Share & Export
Send highlights to Twitter, WhatsApp or export them to Notion, Readwise & more
AI-powered podcast player
Listen to all your favourite podcasts with AI-powered features
Discover highlights
Listen to the best highlights from the podcasts you love and dive into the full episode