FT's US legal correspondent Joe Miller discusses the Archegos scandal and the upcoming trial of founder Bill Hwang. Topics include racketeering, securities fraud charges, market manipulation, and the legal complexities of the case.
Bill Hwang used risky equity swaps to manipulate markets, leading to a global financial crisis.
Legal complexities arose from Bill Hwang's exploitation of loopholes in financial regulations.
Deep dives
The Archegos Capital Management Implosion
In 2021, Archegos Capital Management, a family office run by Bill Wong, faced a dramatic implosion. Wong, previously associated with legal controversies in his hedge fund career, amassed huge stakes in various companies using risky equity swaps. These trades, while legal individually, collectively turned into a market manipulation scheme, resulting in billions of dollars of losses and a global financial crisis.
The Mechanism of Equity Swaps and Wong's Rise
Bill Wong's transformation from a troubled hedge fund manager to a secretive whale in the financial world was fueled by equity swaps. By leveraging swaps, Wong acquired positions beyond his financial capacity, eventually controlling significant shares in companies like ViacomCBS. The anonymity of swap transactions allowed Wong to artificially inflate stock prices without disclosure requirements, leading to a precarious market position.
Legal Challenges and Trial of Bill Wong
Federal prosecutors charged Bill Wong with market manipulation and bank fraud, highlighting the legal complexities of amalgamating seemingly legitimate trades into criminal activities. Wong's defense argued that his actions were within the bounds of the law, exploiting loopholes rather than perpetrating intentional fraud. The trial outcome carries implications for financial regulations and prosecution strategies, setting precedents for handling cases involving complex financial instruments and market manipulation.
Three years ago, chaos struck Wall Street. Companies saw their share prices tumble, seemingly out of nowhere. Major banks lost billions of dollars in the fallout. Eventually, that chaos was linked to a family office, Archegos Capital Management, and its founder Bill Hwang.
This week, Hwang heads to trial in New York, where he faces charges including racketeering, and securities and wire fraud. The FT’s US legal correspondent Joe Miller examines the “novel” case prosecutors plan to pursue.