The COP 28 climate conference achieved success despite skepticism due to its host being an oil executive. Controversy surrounded the United Arab Emirates hosting the conference, with leaked documents revealing discussions of business deals. The specifics and enforcement possibilities of an oil deal are explored. The chapter also features ads for Simply Safe and Hydro. The COP 28 climate agreement's details and implications, including a hard deadline for net zero emissions, are discussed. Challenges and momentum in transitioning towards renewable energy are explored, with a sense of hopefulness prevailing.
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Quick takeaways
The presence of an oil executive as the summit president played a unique role in brokering the agreement at COP28, emphasizing the importance of a just and equitable transition.
The challenge of reaching unanimous consent from diverse countries with varying interests and levels of fossil fuel production and consumption was addressed through the presence of an oil executive leading the conversation, considering varying national circumstances and paces.
Deep dives
Historic consensus on transition away from fossil fuels
For the first time in 30 years of climate negotiations, every country in the world has agreed to transition away from fossil fuels. This groundbreaking outcome was achieved at COP 28 in Dubai, where the final agreement explicitly used the words 'fossil fuels.' Despite the controversial setting of an oil-rich nation hosting the summit, the presence of an oil executive as the summit president played a unique role in brokering the agreement. The agreement also emphasized the importance of a just and equitable transition. While some details in the agreement may disappoint, it is regarded as a significant step forward towards addressing climate change.
Unique challenges and diversity of interests
One of the most challenging aspects of COP summits is reaching unanimous consent from every country involved, including those with diverse interests and different levels of fossil fuel production and consumption. The rich and oil-exporting countries often have strong interests that can complicate the push for ambitious climate action. On the other hand, the poorest and most climate-vulnerable countries advocate for more ambitious outcomes due to the existential threat they face. The presence of an oil executive leading the conversation at COP 28 helped address concerns of oil-exporting countries and promote a just energy transition that considers varying national circumstances and paces.
Implementation, accountability, and the road ahead
The challenge now lies in the implementation of the agreement and holding countries accountable. Each country is expected to develop and enact national policies to meet the outlined goals, which includes setting laws and regulations aligned with the agreement. Countries will also have to report on their progress and gradually increase their commitments over time. While monitoring and transparency remain potential challenges, advancements in satellite technology are improving emissions monitoring. Despite concerns over potential changes in governments and geopolitical dynamics, the declining costs of renewable energy and the momentum behind the energy transition provide hope that progress will continue irrespective of political shifts. Overall, while challenges persist, there is reason to be hopeful about the global transition away from fossil fuels and the ongoing efforts to address climate change.
Semafor’s Tim McDonnell says what made COP28 successful was the same thing that made climate activists skeptical about the conference: its host was an oil executive.
This episode was produced by Victoria Chamberlin and Isabel Angell, edited by Miranda Kennedy, fact-checked by Laura Bullard, engineered by David Herman, and hosted by Sean Rameswaram.