ICU Primary PrepCast #Epi 84 - ICU Primary Snippet 27 - Neonatal Physiology Part 1
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Nov 27, 2023 Dr Mike Clifford, expert in neonatal physiology, discusses the transition from in utero to ex utero survival in newborns. Topics include cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments, first breath, lung fluid removal, initial breathing patterns, role of surfactant in premature infants, and respiratory changes in newborns.
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Neonatal Respiratory Transition
- Newborns undergo significant respiratory changes at birth, transitioning from placental oxygen to breathing air.
- These changes involve fluid removal from lungs, a strong initial breath, and establishing functional residual capacity.
Surfactant's Role
- Surfactant, produced by type II pneumocytes, is crucial for increasing and maintaining lung volume.
- It prevents alveolar collapse during exhalation, ensuring efficient gas exchange.
Breathing and Muscle Development
- Newborns are nasal-preferring breathers, which is linked to breastfeeding coordination.
- Their diaphragm and intercostal muscles develop more type 1 fibers over time, enhancing respiratory strength.