OITE/ Boards Review: Foot & Ankle 03- Hallux Valgus, Rigidus + 1st Ray Problems

Overview of Hallux Valgus

Hallux valgus, commonly referred to as bunions, is characterized by the lateral deviation of the proximal phalanx of the big toe, often associated with medial deviation of the first metatarsal. This condition typically affects women, particularly those who wear narrow-toed shoes, leading to the development of the characteristic bump that patients report. The pathoanatomy involves a complex interaction where valgus deviation of the first toe results in varying effects on the metatarsal head and surrounding structures, ultimately causing increased pressure on the second and third metatarsal heads. Effective treatment strategies begin with understanding the underlying anatomical changes and considering both non-operative interventions like shoe modifications and more involved surgical corrective procedures depending on the severity.