Secrets of the Aztec Codices (With Camilla Townsend)
Mar 23, 2023
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Leading expert in Aztec history and author Camilla Townsend discusses the secrets of the Aztec Codices. Topics include the importance of indigenous narratives in Aztec history, the role of gender in Aztec codices and society, women's leadership and mistreatment in the palace, gruesome practices and influential women in Aztec history, the accuracy of Aztec god descriptions, and the fluidity of gender in Aztec mythology and European influence.
Women in Aztec culture played significant roles in rulership, economy, and preserving their culture, despite ruling positions being mostly held by men.
The Aztec pantheon was diverse, with fluid gender roles for divine figures, challenging the misconceptions perpetuated by Western accounts.
Notable women in Aztec history, like Malintzin and Tecuichpoatzin, faced complex challenges and made decisions that suited their circumstances and their people's interests.
Deep dives
The Role of Women in Aztec Culture
Women in Aztec culture played important roles in rulership, economy, and preserving their culture. While ruling positions were mostly held by men, women had significant political influence through their marriages and alliances. They were also responsible for essential tasks such as farming, weaving, and raising children. The Aztecs recognized the value of women and their contributions to society.
The Aztec Pantheon and Misconceptions
The Aztec pantheon is complex and misunderstood. Many misconceptions have been perpetuated by Western accounts. Accounts from Spaniards often distorted the Aztec gods and goddesses, associating them with excessive human sacrifice. However, the Aztec pantheon was diverse, with fluid gender roles for divine figures. The true nature of the Aztec goddesses and gods is difficult to determine due to the lack of comprehensive written records and the biased accounts left by the Europeans.
Powerful Women in Aztec History
There were notable women in Aztec history, such as Malintzin and Tecuichpoatzin. Malintzin, known as Malincheon, was a key translator for the Spaniards and played a significant role during the conquest. Tecuichpoatzin, the daughter of Montezuma, married multiple Spaniards to establish alliances and protect her family. These women faced complex challenges and made decisions that suited their circumstances and their people's interests.
Female Monsters and Mythology
The presence of female monsters in Aztec mythology is unclear. Some figurative representations, such as open jaws or caves, may have been associated with femaleness, considering the link between caves and vaginas in Aztec songs and imagery. However, the understanding of female monsters in Aztec mythology is limited, and it is challenging to decipher this aspect of their culture.
European Appropriation of Aztec Culture
European interpretations of Aztec culture sought to impose their own patriarchal views and Christianity upon the Aztec stories. They tried to fit Aztec gods and goddesses into a Greek pantheon framework to simplify comprehension. European accounts focused on defining gods and goddesses, thus distorting the potential fluidity of gender within the Aztec divine pantheon.
Decades after the Spanish conquest, Aztec survivors wrote down their histories and mythology in documents called Codices.
Many were written at the behest of Spanish priests, and come to us through a Spanish lens. But some were written in secret, by Aztecs and for Aztecs, with no Spanish involvement at all. Long ignored by historians, these documents provide us with what is perhaps the most authentic history of the Aztec people in their own voice.
Today, we’re joined by Camilla Townsend, a leading scholar on the history and translation of these important documents. She is professor of history at Rutgers University specializing in Native American and indigenous history in the United States and Latin America, and author of the award-winning book TheFifth Sun: a New History of the Aztecs.
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