In Brazil, A Tale as Old as Colonization: Why Indigenous Land Defenders Are Particularly Targeted by Extractive Industries
Oct 10, 2023
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Explore the ongoing fight to protect native land and water rights, with a focus on the events leading up to the Standing Rock protests. Highlight the struggles of the Uruwawa people in the Brazilian Amazon to protect their land from agribusiness and logging. Examine the history and impact of the Doctrine of Discovery, a legal doctrine used to justify land seizure from Indigenous peoples. Discover the concept of Tera Nellius and the use of drones to safeguard Indigenous territories.
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Quick takeaways
Indigenous-led environmental protests often face severe backlash, intertwining the fight for indigenous sovereignty with environmental activism.
The fossil fuel industry's response to indigenous resistance is influenced by its history of colonialism, using tactics such as justifying land taking and deploying missionaries to access resources.
Deep dives
The Intersection of Environmental Protest and Indigenous Sovereignty
Throughout history, environmental protests have often intersected with the fight for indigenous sovereignty, leading to severe backlash against both movements. Efforts by indigenous communities, such as the Ochetty Chakwan people in the US and the Wet'suwet'en in Canada, to halt environmentally harmful projects have sparked wider movements for native people's rights. However, when the backlash comes, it targets not only environmental activism but also indigenous rights movements. This connection was seen in the Standing Rock protests, where thousands of people from around the world gathered to protest the Dakota Access Pipeline and support indigenous land and water rights. The intense police response and subsequent laws criminalizing protests were direct results of this resistance.
The Criminalization of Indigenous Land and Water Protection Efforts
The battle for indigenous sovereignty, particularly in relation to land and water rights, has been ongoing for centuries and has seen various protests and fights to protect tribal territories. Before the Standing Rock protests in 2016, there were already localized tribal protests and fights over issues such as tribal water rights and the threatened seizure of tribal lands by the IRS. The Keystone XL pipeline became a rallying point for indigenous opponents in the US and Canada, resulting in a treaty to protect sacred lands. However, the fight went back and forth for a decade before President Biden finally canceled the permit for the pipeline in 2021. These struggles to protect indigenous territories and resources are often treated as criminal acts, exemplified by the use of laws like Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) against indigenous land defenders and protest groups.
Entwined Histories: Oil Extraction, Colonialism, and Indigenous Resistance
The response of the fossil fuel industry to indigenous resistance and environmental protests is heavily influenced by the industry's entwined history with colonialism. Oil companies and white settlers have long used tactics such as connecting fossil fuel extraction with religion, justifying the taking of indigenous land, and deploying missionaries to undermine indigenous rights and gain access to resources. This pattern can be observed globally, from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, where the Uruwawa people are fighting against agribusiness and logging, to the Ecuadorian Amazon, where the Sequoia and Kofan tribes battled Texaco and Chevron over oil extraction impacts. Throughout these conflicts, indigenous communities and their allies have risen up against the industry, transcending their respective cultures and backgrounds to form a unified resistance grounded in shared values.
From Ecuador to North Dakota, British Columbia to New Zealand, the backlash against Indigenous-led environmental protest is always particularly harsh, infused with colonialist entitlement to land, water, and other resources. Historian Nick Estes walks us through what that looks like in the U.S., and the great team behind the documentary The Territory brings us a recent example from Brazil. Check out the film here.