Economist Christopher Campos discusses a school choice experiment in LAUSD where public high schools competed for enrollment, narrowing achievement gaps and boosting college enrollment. The impact of school choice programs and parent decisions on school quality and student outcomes are explored, along with the effects of gentrification on school composition. The podcast also delves into the balance between educational benefits and health risks during school closures amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
Competition among public high schools reduced achievement gaps and boosted college enrollment.
School quality is defined by student learning and academic growth, influenced by factors like safety and achievement.
Charter schools in urban areas show positive effects compared to voucher programs in school choice reforms.
Deep dives
The Impact of School Choice Reform
The podcast discusses the shift in the national policy debate regarding school choice reforms and the political and policy debates surrounding it. While the conversation on school choice has faded in Washington, the school choice movement has been gaining traction across the country, allowing parents to use public school funds for private or homeschooling. The episode explores the possibility of achieving benefits of school choice within the public school system, highlighting a research study on how giving high school parents the choice of different public high schools influenced student outcomes.
Defining a Good School and Measures of Quality
The episode delves into how economists define a good school by focusing on students' learning and academic growth over time. It explains that school quality is traditionally measured by how schools contribute to student learning and academic achievement, which may include test scores and non-cognitive outcomes. The discussion also touches on how parents prioritize factors like safety and achievement when selecting schools, often relying on platforms like GreatSchools.org.
School Choice Reforms: Voucher Programs vs. Charter Schools
The podcast compares the effectiveness of voucher programs and charter schools within the school choice reforms landscape. While studies suggest limited impacts of voucher programs on student learning, charter schools in urban areas have shown significant positive effects, especially for underperforming students. The episode highlights the challenges and findings related to evaluating the overall market effects of different school choice programs.
Impact of Zones of Choice Program in LAUSD
The episode focuses on a research study analyzing the Zones of Choice program implemented by the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The study found that the program led to significant improvements in student outcomes, including standardized exam scores and college enrollment rates. It explores how the program, which provided high school parents with multiple public high school options within the public school system, helped bridge the achievement gap and enhance educational opportunities.
Effectiveness of Principals in Educational Outcomes
The episode discusses the significant influence of principals in shaping school policies and improving student outcomes. It emphasizes how principals play a crucial role in responding to incentives such as enrollment levels and student performance, potentially leading to positive changes in schooling practices. The episode highlights the impact of school leadership in educational success, showcasing how individual efforts can drive substantial improvements in school quality and student achievements.
But LAUSD did something different. It recognized the growing appetite for choice and wondered whether the normal public school system could help satisfy it. It set up a limited school choice program in 2012, the kind of experiment ripe for an economics paper, and thankfully economist Christopher Campos took notice. Host Jerusalem Demsas talks to Campos about his paper, revealing that when public high schools were forced to compete for enrollment, achievement gaps narrowed, and college enrollment took off.
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