#2 Wendy Freedman - The Crisis in Cosmology, Standard Candles, Future of Cosmology
Jun 16, 2023
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Leading cosmologist Wendy Freedman discusses the crisis in cosmology, advancements in cosmology from glass plates to CCDs, historical observations of dark matter, challenges of science communication in cosmology, unknown systematics in cosmological measurements, tension between measurements of cosmic background and cepheids, and importance of independent checks in cosmology.
Utilizing multiple independent methods is crucial for accurately measuring the expansion rate of the universe.
The Hubble tension controversy arises from discrepancies between different measurements of the expansion rate.
Advancements in technology and upcoming telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope have revolutionized cosmological measurements and offer exciting possibilities for further discovery.
Deep dives
The Key Project: Measuring the Hubble Constant
The podcast episode features an interview with Professor Wendy Friedman, an expert in cosmology, discussing the importance of measuring the Hubble constant and the methods used to determine the expansion rate of the universe. The Hubble Space Telescope played a crucial role in measuring the expansion rate, and Professor Friedman's work focused on improving the accuracy of these measurements. She explains the challenges involved in measuring the Hubble constant, such as systematics due to dust, and emphasizes the need for independent methods to ensure accurate results. Additionally, she discusses the recent Hubble tension controversy, where different measurements of the expansion rate are not in complete agreement, and the ongoing efforts to resolve this discrepancy. The conversation highlights the advancements in technology and observations in the field of cosmology and offers insights into the future of cosmological research.
The Importance of Independent Methods
In the podcast, Professor Friedman emphasizes the importance of employing multiple independent methods to measure the expansion rate of the universe, such as the use of Cepheid stars and tip-of-the-red-giant-branch stars. By using different techniques, researchers can cross-validate their results and identify potential systematic errors. This approach allows for a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the Hubble constant. Professor Friedman also mentions the ongoing efforts to use the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope to further refine these measurements and shed light on the Hubble tension controversy.
The Hubble Tension Controversy
The podcast delves into the Hubble tension controversy, which refers to the discrepancy between different measurements of the expansion rate of the universe. Professor Friedman explains that current measurements derived from Cepheid stars indicate a Hubble constant of around 73, while the measurements from the cosmic microwave background suggest a value closer to 67. This tension has sparked debates and discussions among cosmologists. The podcast highlights the need for further observations and data analysis to understand the nature of this tension and its implications for our understanding of the universe.
The Advancements in Cosmological Measurements
The podcast explores the advancements in technology and observational capabilities that have revolutionized cosmological measurements. It highlights the impact of instruments like the Hubble Space Telescope, which greatly improved the accuracy of distance measurements using Cepheid stars. Professor Friedman discusses the exciting possibilities offered by upcoming telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope, which will provide higher resolution and sensitivity in observing the universe. These advancements have opened new avenues for discovery and will push cosmological research forward in the future.
The Future of Cosmology and Astronomy
Looking into the future, the podcast discusses the potential for ongoing discoveries in the field of cosmology and astronomy. With the development of new technology and larger surveys, such as the Reuben Telescope, upcoming data releases from the cosmic microwave background, and more accurate measurements from instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope, there is a sense of excitement about the possibilities for new insights and breakthroughs. While no specific predictions are made, the podcast emphasizes the boundless nature of the field and the potential for continued progress and discovery.
In this week's episode, David is joined by Wendy Freedman. Prof Freedman is a legendary cosmologist, who has played a central role in understanding the expansion rate of our Universe. She is a Professor of Cosmology at University of Chicago, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, a legacy fellow of the American Astronomical Society and winner of the Gruber Prize in Cosmology. Her recent work has focussed on precise measurements of the expansion rate of the Universe and has been a the heart of the so-called "Crisis in Cosmology" that we get into in today's episode.
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