Successful CEOs practiced contrarianism in their capital allocation strategies, focusing on tax efficiency, sporadic large share repurchases, and analytical decision-making.
Search funds can provide proprietary deals with high returns, while the private equity market is currently frothy with success dependent on cohort performance.
Large acquisitions can lead to margin improvements through cost side economics, and CEOs strategically use debt to enhance businesses and take advantage of tax benefits.
Deep dives
Main ideas and insights
The podcast episode discusses the main ideas and insights from the book 'The Outsiders' by Will Thorndike. The book explores the capital allocation strategies of eight successful CEOs, including Henry Singleton, John Malone, and Warren Buffett. These CEOs were contrarians in their approach to dividends, buybacks, acquisitions, and the use of debt. They focused on tax efficiency, avoided high dividend payouts, and instead opted for sporadic large share repurchases timed to coincide with low stock prices. They also prioritized analytical decision-making in capital expenditures, setting high hurdle rates, and being flexible and opportunistic in their approach. The CEOs were not traditional long-term strategic thinkers but instead were pragmatic, cool-headed, and agnostic. They generally avoided extensive investor relations and allocated their time to value-creating activities. Acquisitions were occasional but strategic, with a focus on scale advantages and being disciplined about the timing and returns of the transactions. Finally, the CEOs had a general aversion to dividends and a preference for debt paydown when capital couldn't be deployed effectively.
Search Funds and Private Equity
The podcast also covers the concept of search funds, which are smaller growth buyouts. The guest, Will Thorndike, explains how search funds can provide a proprietary source of deals, with high IRRs and strong returns over long holding periods. The dispersion of returns among search fund investments has tightened in recent years. Thorndike mentions a growing interest in evergreen permanent capital structures in the private equity world. Moving on to traditional private equity buyouts and recaps, Thorndike notes that the asset class has gained popularity among institutional allocators since it offers potential for active management and outperformance compared to passive strategies. However, he cautions that the current market environment is frothy, and long-term success in private equity will depend on cohort performance.
Current State and Future
The podcast concludes by discussing the current state and future of private equity. It notes that private equity is seen as a favorable asset class for active management and has attracted significant capital in recent years. However, the success of private equity as an investment strategy will depend on the ability to generate a premium over the public markets, which may vary significantly across different cohorts and market environments. Despite the frothy market conditions at present, the long-term viability of private equity remains promising.
Importance of Synergies and Cost Improvement in Acquisitions
The podcast episode discusses the importance of large acquisitions that offer the potential for improving margins through cost side economics. The example of Capital Cities acquiring ABC is highlighted, where the logic of the deal relied on Capital Cities improving the TV station business's margins from a 30% cashflow margin to the median margin of 50% for Capital City stations. This improvement was achieved through cutting costs and synergies, primarily in the form of rationalizing headcount and running the business efficiently.
The Role of Leverage and Debt in Corporate Strategy
The podcast episode explores the use of leverage and debt by outsider CEOs as a strategic tool. The CEOs believed in the benefits of using debt to enhance their businesses, taking advantage of the tax shield it offered. Furthermore, they carefully determined the right level of leverage for their businesses, considering the economics of their industry and their ability to comfortably support the leverage throughout a business cycle. The CEOs were clear in communicating their approach to the markets and adhered to their determined leverage levels.
This week’s guest is Will Thorndike, an author and investor whose book The Outsiders is an all-time favorite of mine. Our conversation is in two parts. First, we dive deep into the lessons of his 8-year research project studying CEOs who were master capital allocators. These CEOs include Henry Singleton, John Malone, Tom Murphy, Katherine Graham, and Warren Buffett. We discuss how these CEOs tended to be contrarians on topics like dividends, buybacks, acquisitions, and the use of debt. As we go through each of the tools in the capital allocators toolkit, you’ll hear several useful lessons for running or evaluating a business.
In the second part, we cover Will’s career in private equity. Will founded and continues to run Housatonic Partners, investing in buyouts, recaps, and search funds. Will has been one of the most active search fund investors for decades, and given how much time I’ve spent in past episodes on the searchers or operators in the micro-cap, permanent equity space, it was great to get the perspective of an experienced LP. As always, we also take time to survey the dangers and opportunities in today’s private equity market.