How the immune system can cause psychosis, and tool use in otters
May 16, 2024
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Learn about the intriguing connection between the immune system and psychosis, as well as how otters use tools to broaden their diet. Dive into the hunt for biomarkers in autoimmune disorders and discover how sea otters gain energy benefits by cracking open tough prey with tools.
Identifying autoimmune encephalitis early crucial for treating psychiatric symptoms mistaken as demonic possession.
Sea otters gain dental and energy benefits from using tools to access tougher prey items.
Deep dives
Autoimmune Encephalitis: Unraveling the Link between Brain Autoimmunity and Psychotic Symptoms
Rogue antibodies attacking the brain causing bizarre symptoms like psychosis are being studied for biomarkers and treatments. Cases were previously misinterpreted as psychiatric conditions or demonic possession, highlighting the importance of identifying autoimmune encephalitis early for effective treatment.
Sea Otters' Tool Use for Prey Breakdown
Sea otters use tools to break into tough prey items like clams. A study revealed that otters utilizing tools experience dental benefits and gain energy from tackling tougher prey, showcasing the adaptation of tool use in their feeding habits.
Impact of Tool Use on Tooth Damage and Energy Intake in Sea Otters
Increased tool use among sea otters reduces tooth damage from hard prey items and offers access to calorie-rich foods. Females, more frequent tool users, benefit from the strategy, enabling them to consume harder prey items compared to males.
Future Research on Sea Otters' Tool Use Behavior
Future research aims to explore the longitudinal trends in tool use frequency among sea otters. Further investigations will focus on determining if tool usage correlates with enhanced reproductive success and potential evolutionary advantages in the population.
On this week’s show: What happens when the body’s own immune system attacks the brain, and how otters’ use of tools expands their diet
First on the show this week, when rogue antibodies attack the brain, patients can show bizarre symptoms—from extreme thirst, to sleep deprivation, to outright psychosis. Contributing Correspondent Richard Stone joins host Sarah Crespi to discuss the hunt for biomarkers and treatments for this cluster of autoimmune disorders that were once mistaken for schizophrenia or even demonic possession.
Next on this episode, producer Katherine Irving talks with Chris Law, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Washington and the University of Texas at Austin, about how sea otters gain energy benefits (and dental benefits) when they use tools to tackle tougher prey such as snails or large clams.
This week’s episode was produced with help from Podigy.