161: An Epilogue Toast to Prohibition’s End with Author Daniel Okrent
Jul 29, 2024
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Daniel Okrent, a distinguished author and the first Public Editor of The New York Times, joins to discuss the end of Prohibition. He delves into the unexpected lack of public support for this constitutional ban and the contradictory enforcement tactics employed. The conversation highlights the rise of organized crime and the iconic Walgreens during this era. Okrent also shares insights into the evolution of journalism, emphasizing the need for critical thinking about media biases. They both look ahead to the vibrant cultural developments of the Roaring Twenties.
Prohibition highlighted the fundamental lesson that laws cannot effectively control deep-seated personal preferences and desires.
Wayne Wheeler's lobbying tactics during Prohibition demonstrated a significant influence on American political maneuvering and modern advocacy strategies.
Deep dives
The Complexity of Prohibition
Prohibition was a significant and controversial period in American history marked by the enactment of the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. The law was supported by some state legislatures and Congress but lacked genuine support from the majority of the public, leading to widespread disdain and disobedience. The historical context shows that while prohibition had a legal framework, it stood firmly against the majority's desires for personal freedom regarding alcohol consumption. The era revealed a fundamental lesson about human appetite, asserting that laws cannot effectively control deep-seated personal preferences.
Unexpected Alliances and Notable Characters
The coalition that supported Prohibition spanned from extreme right-wing groups like the Ku Klux Klan to left-leaning labor unions, showcasing a surprising unity driven by differing motives. For instance, the Klan's religious convictions aligned with the belief that the liquor industry corrupts politics, while labor unions sought to free workers from the intoxicating distractions imposed by their employers. Noteworthy characters emerged, such as Assistant Attorney General Mabel Walker Willibrand, who fought tirelessly to enforce a law she personally disagreed with, earning her the unflattering nickname 'Prohibition Portia.' This complex environment highlighted the often contradictory nature of alliances formed during Prohibition.
The Role of Lobbying and Influence
Wayne Wheeler, a prominent figure in the Anti-Saloon League, demonstrated unparalleled effectiveness in lobbying efforts that contributed to the amendment of the Constitution. Through calculated strategies and intimidation, he could sway elections even without a majority, working to shape public policy on liquor prohibition. This method of targeting key voter segments mirrors certain contemporary lobbying tactics, showcasing Wheeler's lasting impact on American political maneuvering. His methodologies in building coalitions across party lines for a singular cause foreshadowed modern advocacy strategies.
The Illusion of Prohibition's Enforcement
The Volstead Act, intended to enforce Prohibition, presented a range of legal loopholes that allowed continued alcohol accessibility through various carve-outs for medicinal, religious, and personal uses. Interestingly, the law's enforcement was enfeebled by a lack of regulatory structures, making alcohol more available during Prohibition than many realized. Furthermore, the emergence of speakeasies and organized crime showcased the failure of Prohibition to curtail alcohol consumption, ultimately giving rise to significant crime syndicates which adapted to the demands of the era. This situation culminated in the realization that American society was more innovative in circumventing laws than those attempting to enforce them.
Cheers to Professor Jackson’s post Prohibition conversation with distinguished author Daniel Okrent! Dan is the the author of Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition, winner of the American Historical Association’s prize for the year’s best book of American History when it was published in 2011. Last Call was a go-to book in the HTDS bibliography for episodes 157-160 as we researched and selected the stories to tell in these four podcast episodes we’ve just completed.
Dan was also the first Public Editor of The New York Times, where he was charged with being the public’s advocate for accurate and objective journalism by the paper. So Prof. Jackson couldn’t resist the opportunity to get his perspective on the state of news reporting today which, as astute HTDS listeners know, is often called the first draft of history. Spoiler alert: they both agree one must be a critical thinker when it comes to the potential bias of the news media one consumes – helpful tool here from AdFontes.
Before his tenure at the Times, Okrent spent 13 years at Time Inc., where he was successively editor of Life magazine; corporate editor of new media; and corporate editor-at-large. Earlier in his career, he worked extensively in book and magazine publishing in various editorial and executive positions. He has held fellowships at the Columbia Graduate School of Journalism and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard (where he was, in addition, the Edward R. Murrow Visiting Lecturer in 2009-2010).