Why Australia politicians welcomed fascists after the Second World War
Feb 3, 2025
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In this enlightening discussion, historian Jayne Persian shares her extensive research on Australia’s controversial acceptance of fascist immigrants after World War II. Alongside military history author Anthony Cooper, they unravel how political parties prioritized cheap, white labor amid the complexities of displaced persons. They examine the narratives of Baltic refugees, the challenges of identity in a new land, and the legacy of these historical decisions on contemporary Australian society. Join them as they confront a seldom-discussed facet of post-war migration.
Australia's post-World War II immigration policy pragmatically prioritized economic growth over ethical considerations, allowing fascists entry for cheap labor.
Personal narratives of displaced persons reveal complex histories that highlight the intersections of migration, trauma, and emerging national identities in Australia.
Deep dives
Post-War Immigration Policies in Australia
Australia's post-World War II immigration policies allowed for the influx of a significant number of displaced persons (DPs), including controversial figures tied to Nazi affiliations. Approximately 170,000 DPs arrived, many of whom were involved in various Eastern and Central European military units that collaborated with Nazi Germany. This pattern of welcoming individuals with potentially harmful backgrounds highlights the complex and often dark history of Australia's acceptance of refugees after the war. The pragmatic approach taken by the Australian government aimed at addressing labor shortages and fostering growth, overlooked the troubling pasts of many immigrants.
Personal Connections to Dark Histories
The personal narratives of those connected to the DPs played a crucial role in uncovering hidden histories surrounding this immigration wave. One significant example includes the story of Jane Persian's husband's grandparents, who underwent harrowing experiences as they fled from the Soviet forces post-war. Their migration story reflected a broader trend of individuals escaping violent repatriation while also aligning with forces that had sided with Nazi Germany. These accounts illustrate the nuanced intersections of personal history and larger geopolitical dynamics, leading to the need for rigorous examination of the migrant identities.
The Struggle for Accountability
The Australian government's initial apathy towards investigating the backgrounds of incoming DPs soon shifted towards superficial wartime accountability in the 1980s. The investigation unit opened its doors to scrutinize war crimes, resulting in about 800 cases reviewed but only three individuals, including Ivan Poliukovic, brought to trial. Charges faced by accused collaborators revealed the complexity of establishing guilt decades after the fact, as the evidentiary standards of modern courts clashed with the realities of historical trauma. The trial and its outcomes sparked discussions about justice and the lasting implications of harboring former collaborators within Australian society.
Cultural and Ideological Impacts
The migrants, particularly those with right-wing ideologies, influenced the development of various ethnic community organizations in Australia. Some groups sought to reshape their identities in a way that masked their troubled pasts, while others unabashedly maintained their ultra-nationalist principles. The legacy of certain factions, such as the Ustasa among Croatian migrants, presented ongoing challenges as these groups participated in Australian political life, including forming alliances with far-right movements. Thus, the post-war integration of these DPs has had lasting implications on contemporary discussions surrounding nationalism, identity, and the emergence of fascist ideologies in modern Australia.
Australia resettled fascists, even war criminals after World War II as part of a worldwide program led by the International Refugee Organisation. The background of these immigrants was known to all political parties, but they were regarded as cheap – and white – labour. Historian Jayne Persian explores the impact of these characters on the trajectory of postwar politics — a phenomenon well documented in other parts of the world but with which Australia has barely begun to reckon.
Jayne PersianAssociate Professor in History, University of Southern QueenslandAuthor of Fascists in Exile: Post-War Displaced Persons in Australia and Beautiful Balts: From Displaced Persons to New Australians
Anthony CooperAuthor of best-selling Darwin Spitfires and Dispatch from Berlin, 1943
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