Biden Promised to ‘Turn the Page’ on Trump. What Went Wrong?
Jan 14, 2025
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Jake Sullivan, National Security Advisor and key architect of Biden's foreign policy, discusses the challenges and evolution of U.S. foreign policy since Trump. He emphasizes the focus on creating a 'foreign policy for the middle class' and the complexities of dealing with China. Sullivan addresses the ongoing Ukraine conflict and the implications for Taiwan while debating the ethics of military aid to Israel. The conversation also touches on how Bidenism grapples with the resurgence of Trump, opening up discussions on evolving geopolitical landscapes.
The Biden administration's foreign policy was designed to benefit the middle class and restore trust in government amidst rising populism.
Jake Sullivan emphasized that a competitive stance toward China involves bolstering alliances, aligning interests, and protecting U.S. economic practices.
The chaotic withdrawal from Afghanistan highlighted the necessity for policy shifts towards focusing on domestic economic interests and modernizing foreign relations.
Deep dives
The Impact of 2016 on Democratic Strategy
The 2016 presidential election served as a pivotal moment for the Democratic Party, prompting a comprehensive reassessment of its policies and identity. Analysts noted that Donald Trump's victory highlighted significant disillusionment among voters, which led strategists to confront the disconnect between foreign and domestic policy. Jake Sullivan, a key advisor during the election, emphasized that the party needed to create a foreign policy that directly addressed the interests of the American middle class to prevent voters from turning to strongman alternatives. This marked the beginning of a major shift in strategy, framing foreign policy as intrinsically linked with domestic welfare.
Bidenism: A Foreign Policy for the Middle Class
The Biden administration introduced a foreign policy approach explicitly designed to benefit the American middle class, diverging significantly from prior strategies. This approach focused on prioritizing domestic economic concerns alongside foreign relations, asserting that foreign policy should directly support American workers. Key elements of this strategy involved significant public investments in domestic industries, strengthening trade protections against adversaries like China, and fostering collaborations with allies to ensure collective economic resilience. By centering foreign policy around domestic interests, Sullivan argued, the administration aimed to restore trust in government and mitigate the appeal of populist figures like Trump.
Lessons from the Afghanistan Withdrawal
The withdrawal from Afghanistan is a defining moment for the Biden administration, illustrating the complexities and challenges of transitioning out of long-standing conflicts. Despite facing domestic and international scrutiny, Sullivan defended the decision to end the war, asserting that it aligned with a broader strategic refocus on addressing threats such as China. He acknowledged shortcomings in the execution, particularly regarding the chaotic nature of the withdrawal, but maintained that the overall shift away from prolonged military engagement was necessary. The lessons learned from this experience also informed subsequent policies, notably in handling conflicts like Ukraine's.
China: Continuity and Divergence in Competition
The Biden administration's approach to China reflected both continuity and divergence from the previous Trump administration's policies, particularly regarding economic competition. While continuing some of Trump’s protective tariffs, the Obama-Biden administration sought to enhance partnerships with allied nations to create a unified front against Chinese influence. Sullivan highlighted the importance of collaborative strategies, asserting that effective competition required aligning allies’ interests with U.S. economic policy to counter Chinese practices. This nuanced engagement aimed not only to safeguard American interests but also to manage the complexities of international relations and prevent conflict.
Navigating the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Gaza and the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict presents a significant challenge for U.S. foreign policy. Sullivan articulated that the U.S. maintains a commitment to Israel's security while advocating for humanitarian aid and efforts towards peace. The administration faces intricate decisions about aid and military support, balancing the need to support Israel against the moral imperatives of mitigating civilian suffering. This multifaceted relationship involves complex diplomacy, where the U.S. must navigate its role as both an ally to Israel and a partner promoting stability in a volatile region.
Joe Biden wanted to show Americans that there was a better path than Trumpism. He worked to build a “foreign policy for the middle class.” He centered industrial policy. He took a more competitive tack with China. He kept America out of wars. The hope was that if Americans saw foreign policy serving their interests, then that would dim the appeal of someone like Donald Trump.
Then Trump won again — stronger than ever.
Jake Sullivan is Biden’s national security adviser and one of the key architects of this foreign policy for the middle class. In this conversation, I ask him to walk me through why he thinks the country is better off today than it was four years ago. We discuss the status of America’s relationship with China and the risk of a future war; whether the U.S. should have used its leverage to force Ukraine to the negotiating table; how the enormous arms support of Israel serves U.S. interests; what Trump’s re-election says about Bidenism; and more.
This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Mixing by Isaac Jones, with Efim Shapiro and Aman Sahota. Our supervising editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Elias Isquith, Kristin Lin and Jack McCordick. Original music by Pat McCusker. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser.
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