The Shadowy Fleet of Tankers Moving Iranian Oil to China
Nov 19, 2024
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Serene Cheong, Bloomberg's team leader for oil trading in Asia, dives into the shadowy world of Iranian oil shipments to China. She reveals how billions of dollars in sanctioned oil evade detection despite official records. Cheong highlights the secretive operations of tankers like Titan and Win-Win, which execute ship-to-ship transfers. The discussion also explores the geopolitical implications, environmental risks, and the thriving underground market, estimating over $20 billion in illicit trade for the coming year.
A clandestine network of tankers is illegally transferring millions of barrels of sanctioned Iranian oil to China, evading detection.
The shadowy oil trade poses environmental risks in the South China Sea, raising concerns about oil spills and maritime accidents.
Deep dives
The Unfolding of a Shadowy Oil Trade
A vast network of 'dark fleet' tankers is covertly transferring millions of barrels of Iranian oil to China, circumventing U.S. sanctions. These tankers, often aged and uninsured, operate under flags of convenience, turning off their location transponders to become nearly invisible. The South China Sea has become a hotspot for these operations, where ship-to-ship transfers of oil can occur without detection. Recent discoveries by maritime observers revealed significant oil transactions between specific tankers, particularly the Titan and Win-Win, indicating a robust supply chain moving sanctioned oil to eager markets.
Environmental and Geopolitical Risks
The shadowy oil trade poses serious environmental risks for regions surrounding the South China Sea, including potential oil spills and maritime accidents. Historical incidents, such as a fire on a dark vessel and collisions between tankers, highlight the dangers associated with this clandestine activity. Tensions are also escalating between the U.S. and regional players like Malaysia, which struggles to monitor these operations due to limited resources and conflicting interests. While Malaysia denies involvement in oil transshipments, the U.S. is pushing for stricter enforcement of sanctions against Iran, complicating the geopolitical landscape.
Resilience of the Dark Fleet
Despite growing scrutiny, the trade of sanctioned oil via dark fleets seems persistent, primarily due to the significant profits involved. These operations thrive on the high demand for oil in China, where middlemen facilitate the supply of Iranian crude to local refineries. The potential shift in U.S. foreign policy, particularly with a new administration, raises questions about future sanctions enforcement and compliance. However, experts suggest that the inherent financial incentives will keep these dark fleet operations alive, as countries like Iran continue to seek out buyers willing to engage in illicit trade.
Every year, billions of dollars of sanctioned Iranian oil finds its way to China, even though on paper the country hasn’t imported a single drop in more than two years. How? On today’s Big Take Asia podcast, host K. Oanh Ha speaks to Bloomberg’s Serene Cheong on her team’s investigation into a clandestine shipping hub off the coast of Malaysia that funnels Iranian crude to China.