Capturing Cancer Signals to Aid Early Detection - Dr. Josh Ofman, President of GRAIL
Sep 27, 2023
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Dr. Josh Ofman, President of GRAIL, discusses a new testing approach using genomic technology and machine learning to detect signals circulating in the blood across more than 50 types of cancers. This could dramatically improve early cancer detection and reduce the death rate by almost forty percent. They explore the founding of GRAIL and the urgency of innovative approaches to cancer detection and treatment.
A new testing approach leveraging genomic technology and machine learning can detect signals circulating in the blood across more than 50 types of cancers, improving early detection and potentially reducing the death rate by almost forty percent in the next five years.
Multi-cancer early detection, such as Grail's gallery test, has the potential to significantly improve cancer detection rates by analyzing DNA for shared cancer signals, leading to a significant reduction in cancer mortality rates.
Deep dives
New Testing Approach using Genomic Technology and Machine Learning to Detect Cancer Signals in Blood
Dr. Josh Offman, president of Grail, explains a new testing approach that utilizes genomic technology and machine learning to detect cancer signals in the blood. This approach goes beyond current screening methods and can identify over 50 types of cancers. The test analyzes methylation patterns on DNA, which are specific to cancer cells, and employs a machine learning classifier to accurately detect the presence of cancer. The test has a low false-positive rate and a high positive predictive value, making it a game-changer in early cancer detection.
The Importance of Multi-Cancer Early Detection
Despite advancements in cancer screening, many cancers are still detected at late stages when treatment is less effective. Current single cancer screening methods only detect a fraction of incident cancers in the population. Multi-cancer early detection testing, like Grail's gallery test, has the potential to significantly improve cancer detection rates. By analyzing DNA in the blood for shared cancer signals, this test can identify a wide range of cancers, including uncommon and rare types. Adding multi-cancer early detection to standard single cancer screening can lead to a significant reduction in cancer mortality rates.
Challenges and Potential of Multi-Cancer Early Detection
The implementation of multi-cancer early detection faces several challenges. The paradigm shift in screening for multiple cancers requires educating healthcare professionals and policy makers about the benefits and limitations of this approach. Additionally, as a new technology, the test is not yet covered or reimbursed by insurance companies. Grail is working towards FDA approval and collaborating with Medicare and Congress to secure coverage and reimbursement options. The goal is to make multi-cancer early detection more accessible and affordable for all individuals at elevated risk of cancer.
The Future of Multi-Cancer Early Detection
Grail's gallery test is just the beginning of multi-cancer early detection. The test currently screens for over 50 types of cancer, but ongoing research and the incorporation of machine learning continue to expand its capabilities. The aim is to increase the number of detectable cancers to 75 or 100. This approach is particularly beneficial for identifying aggressive and rare cancers that would not be cost-effective to screen using traditional methods. The future of multi-cancer early detection holds promise for improving cancer outcomes and saving lives.
The value of early detection is perhaps greater for cancer than many other diseases because it remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. On this episode of Raise the Line we're going to learn about a new testing approach that leverages genomic technology and machine learning to detect signals circulating in the blood across more than 50 types of cancers -- far beyond the number currently screened for -- and helps physicians target locations for diagnostic evaluation. “We can look at this epigenetic pattern on very specific regions of the DNA and say this is only seen in cancer, and make a call,” says Dr. Josh Ofman, the president of GRAIL, a spinoff of the genomic sequencing company Illumina. “We have an opportunity now to dramatically improve the number of cancers found in the population through early detection. We could reduce the death rate over the next five years by almost forty percent,” he tells host Shiv Gaglani. Tune in to find out who qualifies for the test, what obstacles lie ahead and how GRAIL is working to educate physicians about this potentially powerful new option