Napoleon faces setbacks in Egypt, with financial problems and discontent among the population. The outbreak of plague and violent rebellion challenge his troops. Napoleon orders the assault on Al-Azhar, ignoring winning hearts and minds. His personal problems and news of war impact his personality and fixation on power.
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Quick takeaways
The French expedition in Egypt faced challenges such as destruction of the fleet and cultural differences.
The French occupation made positive contributions through economic improvements and better understanding of the country.
Deep dives
Challenges Faced by the French Expedition
The French expedition in Egypt faced serious challenges, including the destruction of the French fleet, impending counter-attacks from the Ottomans, and the difficulties of governing a country culturally different from France.
Positive Contributions of the French Occupation
Despite its failures, the French occupation of Egypt made some positive contributions. They established public grain mills to improve the economic lives of rural farmers and introduced new crops and agricultural methods. The French administration also undertook a national census and land survey to gain a better understanding of the country.
Financial Problems and Fundraising Efforts
The French administration faced financial problems due to the loss of maritime trade and lack of funds from the Directory and European banks. To finance the expedition, Napoleon imposed fines on the families of Mamluk leaders and demanded looted property from the population.
The Rebellion in Cairo and its Brutal Suppression
Discontent and resistance grew among the Egyptian population, leading to a rebellion in Cairo. The French garrison, under the command of General Dupuy, faced hostile mobs and street battles. Ultimately, the rebels were suppressed with a brutal assault and execution of captured insurgents.
The expedition's bad luck continues. The people of Egypt finally reach their breaking point. Cairo gets a taste of Napoleon's tyrannical side. Bonaparte receives a disturbing revelation about his personal life.