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Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working in a group compared to when performing alone. This phenomenon was first identified by researcher Maximilian Ringelman, who found that as more people joined a team to pull a rope, the average effort of each individual actually decreased. This counterintuitive result highlights the limitations of collaborative effort, especially when individual contributions are not easily identifiable. Consequently, this creates a challenge in group dynamics where the desire to contribute diminishes unless personal accountability is established.