Ritual murders in the neolithic, why 2023 was so hot, and virus and bacteria battle in the gut
Apr 18, 2024
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Uncovering ritual murders in Neolithic Europe, potential consequences of reduced reflectivity on global warming, and the fascinating battle between a virus and cholera bacteria in the gut - all discussed in this intriguing podcast.
Reduced air pollution leads to increased energy absorption, accelerating global warming.
Neolithic ritual killings across Europe reveal ancient sacrificial traditions, resembling modern mafia executions.
Deep dives
Understanding the Impact of Cleaner Skies on Global Warming
Cleaner skies have been found to contribute to a warmer planet due to the reduced reflection of sunlight. Over recent decades, instruments monitoring Earth's reflectivity have shown a decline in reflectivity, leading to increased solar energy absorption at the surface. This change, linked to atmospheric pollution and sulfate aerosols, alters the Earth's albedo, potentially accelerating global warming. While pollution reduction is positive, it can worsen warming by decreasing reflective properties, highlighting the complex relationship between cleaner skies, energy absorption, and climate change.
Investigating Ritual Killings in Neolithic Europe
Ancient ritual killings in Neolithic Europe, resembling modern mafia executions, have been unearthed, shedding light on a mysterious and gruesome practice. The discovery of bodies in unique positions during excavations has raised questions about the significance of these methods. Research indicates these killings were possibly linked to sacrificial practices aimed at appeasing gods in early farming societies. The widespread occurrences of these ritualistic deaths across Europe suggest a common belief system or cultural tradition during that era.
Battle Within Our Bodies: Cholera Fighting Antibiotics and Phages
Cholera, a deadly disease primarily spread through contaminated water, faces a unique battle within the human gut involving antibiotics, bacteria, and phages. The cholera bacteria fight a dual front against antibiotics aimed at treating the infection and phages, viruses that target and kill the bacteria. This dynamic interplay influences disease outcomes and treatment effectiveness, with implications for antibiotic resistance and understanding the intricate mechanisms governing disease progression.
Harnessing Predation Dynamics in Combatting Cholera
Exploring the predator-prey relationship between phages and cholera bacteria reveals insights into disease severity and treatment efficacy. By analyzing the ratio of phages to bacteria, researchers can predict disease outcomes, differentiate between mild and severe dehydration cases, and understand evolutionary dynamics influencing treatment responses. This approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, treatment strategies, and offers a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by leveraging ecological principles within the human body.
A different source of global warming, signs of a continentwide tradition of human sacrifice, and a virus that attacks the cholera bacteria
First up on the show this week, clearer skies might be accelerating global warming. Staff Writer Paul Voosen joins host Sarah Crespi to discuss how as air pollution is cleaned up, climate models need to consider the decrease in the planet’s reflectivity. Less reflectivity means Earth is absorbing more energy from the Sun and increased temps.
Also from the news team this week, we hear about how bones from across Europe suggest recurring Stone Age ritual killings. Contributing Correspondent Andrew Curry talks about how a method of murder used by the Italian Mafia today may have been used in sacrifices by early farmers, from Poland to the Iberian Peninsula.
Finally, Eric Nelson, an associate professor at the University of Florida’s Emerging Pathogens Institute, joins Sarah to talk about an infectious bacteria that’s fighting on two fronts. The bacterium that causes cholera—Vibrio cholerae—can be killed off with antibiotics but at the same time, it is hunted by a phage virus living inside the human gut. In a paper published in Science, Nelson and colleagues describe how we should think about phage as predator and bacteria as prey, in the savanna of our intestines. The ratio of predator to prey turns out to be important for the course of cholera infections.
This week’s episode was produced with help from Podigy.