EP 24: Investing in US Financial History (with Mark J Higgins)
Mar 22, 2024
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Explore the interconnectedness of the stock market with economy, money, credit, and security devices. Delve into financial crises involving Alexander Hamilton and central banking in US history. Examine the impact of the transition to the gold standard and the crisis of 1893 on American farmers. Learn about the evolution of financial regulations and professional fund management in the 1930s. Discover the unexpected success and downfall of Joseph Kennedy in regulating Wall Street.
Hamilton's early central banking skills prevented a financial collapse in the first US financial crisis of 1792.
President Andrew Jackson's financial mismanagement exacerbated the Panic of 1837, revealing flaws in policies and economic repercussions.
Railroad overinvestment in the late 1800s led to market crashes, fraud, and a reshaping of infrastructure ownership, driven by foreign capital inflows.
Deep dives
Financial History Analysis: Crisis Response in 1792
In 1792, during the first financial crisis in the US involving the equity market, Alexander Hamilton displayed advanced central banking skills by intervening to support markets. A character named William Duer attempted to corner stock and manipulate bond markets, risking a collapse. Hamilton's actions prevented a financial system collapse by halting the panic and applying early central banking principles. This historical event highlighted the importance of central banking responsibilities.
Economic Crisis of 1837: President Jackson's Impact
The Panic of 1837 revealed significant flaws in President Andrew Jackson's policies, leading to an economic crisis that potentially surpassed the 1930s Depression. State banks proliferated, irresponsible lending ensued, and multiple states defaulted on debt. Jackson's actions against the central bank worsened the crisis, illustrating the repercussions of financial mismanagement and international economic factors.
Railroad Overinvestment: Lessons from the Age of Railways
In the late 1800s, America faced overinvestment in railroads fueled by foreign capital inflows and domestic excitement. Fraud and corrupt practices plagued the railroad boom, with construction and finance companies exploiting investors through overcharging and political bribery. The cycle of foreign investment, overbuilding, market crashes, and asset acquisition by savvy Americans reshaped infrastructure ownership.
Monetary Policy Evolution: Impact of Gold and Silver
The transition from a gold-standard system to incorporating silver caused unintended consequences in US monetary policy, leading to the Panic of 1893. Efforts to stimulate inflation and combat deflation created gold reserve drains, pushing the country into a crisis. The free silver movement's failure highlighted the complex relationship between metal-backed currencies and economic stability, influencing future monetary decisions.
Federal Reserve and US Financial Paradigms
The Federal Reserve's historical mistakes, exemplified by mismanagement during the Great Depression and the Great Inflation, underscore lessons in monetary policy. Balancing economic stability and avoiding extremes in policy tightening or easing requires learning from turbulent events. Notably, regulations enacted in the 1930s transformed securities markets, shifting focus to securities analysis and professional fund management for market integrity and investor confidence.
Russell Napier and Mark J Higgins explore some of the lessons to be learned from Mark's latest book, Investing in US Financial History: Understanding the Past to Forecast the Future. The book opens with Alexander Hamilton’s financial programmes of 1790 and ends with the Federal Reserve’s battle with inflation in 2023 – and Russell welcomes the valuable way in which it fills a void in our understanding of American financial history.
•The Library of Mistakes runs an outstanding course called the Practical History of Financial Markets. To find out more, go to: www.libraryofmistakes.com/course
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