

How this 19th-century Indian feminist defied colonial customs
Sep 10, 2025
Radha Vatsal, author and researcher, explores the impactful life of Pandita Ramabai, a 19th-century Indian feminist who confronted the caste system and patriarchal norms. Tarini Bhamburkar dives into the cross-cultural feminist networks between British and Indian women, shedding light on the emerging transnational Suffrage movement. Sandeep Banerjee discusses Ramabai's critiques of American gender roles while drawing parallels to her advocacy for women's education in India, highlighting her legacy as a pioneer of reform and empowerment during a transformative era.
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Child Scholar Turned Public Speaker
- Pandita Ramabai memorized 12,000 Sanskrit stanzas by age 12 and toured as an itinerant preacher with her family.
- Her public speaking and scholarship earned her the epithet "Pandita," setting the stage for a lifetime of lecturing.
England, Medical Hopes, And Conversion
- Ramabai went to England intending to train as a doctor but discovered hearing problems prevented medical study.
- Within months she converted to Christianity while continuing to pursue education and reform work.
Conversion Fueled By Search For Agency
- Ramabai embraced Christianity partly as an escape from caste-bound limitations for women and to seek spiritual answers.
- She nonetheless resisted Anglican authority and insisted on intellectual freedom and questioning.