This podcast explores Yemen's journey from revolution to civil war, focusing on the breakdown of the GCC Initiative, the role of the insurgent Houthis, and the delicate art of Yemeni politics. The guest, Yemeni political activist Baraa Shaiban, shares his experiences trying to keep the peace and witnessing his country fall into conflict. The podcast also delves into the state of Yemen's civil war, the immunity granted to former president Ali Abdullah Saleh, unexpected Houthi participation in the national dialogue, the impact of drone strikes on local communities, encounters with Al Qaeda members, the presence and actions of Houthi militants, and the events leading up to the civil war.
Mistrust among political factions and regional geopolitical actors further complicated Yemen's political landscape after the Arab Spring.
The failure of the GCC Initiative to unite political factions and the growing influence of the Houthis led to further escalation and divisions in Yemen.
Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh manipulated the situation in Yemen to weaken his opponents and gain support from regional powers, ultimately allowing the Houthis to gain control.
Deep dives
The Atmosphere After the Arab Spring
After the Arab Spring, there was a mix of hope and anger among the Yemeni protesters. The GCC Initiative, which aimed to bring about a new political arrangement, was met with skepticism by many, particularly the youth. While there was a sense of hope for change, there was also anger over the deal brokered by GCC countries. The initiative required former President Ali Abdullah Saleh to step down and a new transitional government to be formed. However, mistrust among political factions and regional geopolitical actors further complicated the situation.
Political Struggles and External Influences
The political landscape in Yemen became increasingly fragmented after the Arab Spring. The Houthis opposed the GCC Initiative, positioning themselves as the voice of the revolution and criticizing the establishment's involvement in the deal. Meanwhile, regional powers like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar had their own interests and concerns in Yemen. Saudi Arabia, in particular, wanted a stable Yemen that wouldn't threaten its security. However, the GCC initiative's failure to unite political factions and the growing influence of the Houthis led to further escalation and divisions in the country.
Saleh's Machinations and the Battle for Sana'a
Former President Ali Abdullah Saleh played a manipulative game to regain power in Yemen. He allowed the Houthis to weaken his opponents, particularly Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar's forces and the Al-Ahmar tribal family. By supporting the Houthi advancement in the north, he hoped that the Saudis would back him in a future conflict against the Houthis. However, the mistrust among various political factions and the failure to recognize the gravity of the Houthi threat allowed the situation to escalate. The Houthis eventually reached Sana'a in September 2014, marking a significant turning point in the Yemeni conflict.
The rise of the Houthis and their influence on the national dialogue
The podcast episode discusses the rise of the Houthis and their involvement in the national dialogue in Yemen. Initially, the Houthis were reluctant to join the dialogue, as they saw it as an admission of recognizing America and Israel, which went against their beliefs. However, influential figures convinced them to participate, leading to their inclusion in the dialogue. This brought together various factions and raised hopes for a successful dialogue. However, as time went on, the Houthis' true agenda became apparent, with them using violence to exert control and suppress protests.
The intensification of the conflict and the involvement of external powers
The podcast also highlights the intensification of the conflict in Yemen, leading to the involvement of external powers. As the Houthis expanded their control and attacked Aden, President Hadi was forced to flee, rallying forces against the Houthis. In a surprising turn, Saudi Arabia intervened and launched Operation Decisive Storm, backed by a coalition of Arab countries, in support of Hadi's government. This marked the beginning of a larger conflict that continues to ravage Yemen. The episode emphasizes the complex dynamics and alliances at play, including the Houthis' ties to former President Ali Abdullah Salah and the role of international actors in the ongoing war.
The Arab Spring of 2011 may have brought with it hope for a new dawn in Yemen, one of democracy and liberal reforms outside the rule of strongman Ali Abdullah Saleh. But the years that followed saw this quickly undone. The GCC Initiative brokered by Gulf States quickly broke down due to an intense culture of mistrust between all the parties within it. And with the insurgent Houthis growing ever more confident in the north, their malign influence ensured that this move for democracy was doomed to failure.
In this penultimate episode of our Yemen series, and indeed season 4 of Conflicted, we look at Yemen’s road from revolution to civil war. It’s something that our returning guest, Yemeni political activist Baraa Shaiban, witnessed first hand as a member of the GCC initiative. He tells us about the role he played in trying to keep the peace as his country fell into conflict, and how the delicate art of Yemeni politics - dancing on the heads of snakes - was one which soon became too difficult for all involved.
Join our FB Discussion group to get exclusive updates:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/450486135832418
Find us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/MHconflicted
And Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/MHconflicted
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
Join the Conflicted Community hub on Discord to discuss all things Conflicted with fellow dear listeners, get exclusive content, bonus episodes and ad-free listening. Register your interest through the link: http://www.levellr.com/conflicted