Explore the intricate measures of democratic support across generations and nations. Discover how social media influences younger people's attitudes toward democracy. Understand the alarming decline in public support and its implications for the U.S. political landscape, especially in the context of the 2024 election. Learn about the contrasting views of democracy among different political groups. Finally, reflect on the resilience of democratic institutions in the face of modern challenges.
Support for democracy extends beyond current leaders, emphasizing the importance of commitment to democratic principles like fair elections and freedom of speech.
Generational differences show that younger individuals possess lower support for democracy, influenced by social media and a more contentious political environment.
Deep dives
Understanding Support for Democracy
Support for democracy encompasses more than just approval of current political leaders or parties; it refers to a broader commitment to the democratic system itself. This includes appreciation for the electoral rules and rights that underlie political competition, such as freedom of speech and fair elections. Specific support can fluctuate depending on public sentiment regarding current leaders, but diffuse support for democracy is crucial for the system's stability. When citizens continue to support democracy as a concept, even when dissatisfied with their government, it helps mitigate potential authoritarian tendencies.
The Role of Public Support in Democratic Health
Public support serves as a vital bulwark against authoritarianism, as low levels of support can embolden anti-democratic actors. Historical perspectives suggest that strong cultural ties to democratic values are essential for the ongoing health of democracy. Political scientists have noted that when public support diminishes, it may create openings for elected leaders to undermine democratic institutions. This shift could lead to a systematic erosion of democracy, whereby citizens become apathetic to violations of democratic norms and fail to hold leaders accountable for undemocratic actions.
The Impact of Polarization on Democratic Support
Increasing political polarization contributes to a troubling decline in support for democracy, particularly among the most extreme factions within the political spectrum. Research indicates that highly polarized individuals may tolerate or even support anti-democratic actions if they believe such measures benefit their preferred candidates or parties. This raises concerns about the strength of democracy, as individuals may prioritize partisan success over democratic principles. Consequently, exploring this relationship is essential for understanding how polarization affects broader public attitudes toward support for democratic governance.
Generational Changes in Democratic Values
Significant generational patterns reveal that younger individuals today exhibit lower levels of support for democracy compared to their older counterparts, a trend that has persisted since the 1960s. Factors such as social media environments play a role in shaping contemporary youths' political attitudes, promoting notions of voice and participation rather than traditional ideas of liberty and freedom. Younger generations are being socialized in a more contentious political climate, which can affect their perception of democracy. As a result, evaluating how support for democracy is defined and measured may shed light on these evolving attitudes and their implications for political engagement.
We are collecting our thoughts about what's next for democracy following the 2024 election and will take up the question during our end-of-year episode in December.
Democracy Works host Michael Berkman, director of the McCourtney Institute for Democracy and professor of political science at Penn State talks with Christopher Claassen, a political scientist at the University of Glasgow, about how to measure support for democracy across countries and across generations.
Claassen grew up in South Africa and was 16 when the country held its first democratic elections. His interest in democracy continued through college and into his career as a political scientist. Today, he is a professor of political behavior at the University of Glasgow. One area of his research focuses on how to measure support for democracy. In a recent paper, he and colleagues developed 17 survey questions that cover all eight components of liberal democracy as defined by the V-Dem project in an effort to refine what people mean when they say the support or don't support democracy.
Berkman and Claassen also discuss how support for democracy is part of the 2024 U.S. election. Note that this interview was recorded in late October 2024 before the election took place.