CRACKCast E175 – Neurologic Disorders

This episode of CRACKCast covers Chapter 174 in Rosen's 9th Edition. Today, we will go over common topics in paediatric neurology and emergency medicine that will help you on your next shift! Knowledge of neurologic disorders is essential for any practitioner of emergency medicine, so strap in for a high-yield post.

Core Questions

1. List ten causes of provoked (acutely symptomatic) seizures.
2. List four episodic disorders that may mimic seizures in neonates and four in non-neonates.
   • How does it differ if you are unable to obtain IV or IO access?
3. Give an approach to acute seizure control in a 9-month-old and in a 5-year-old.
4. What is the definition of status epilepticus?
5. List 6 medical treatments for status epilepticus.
6. What is the definition of a simple febrile seizure?
7. Describe the management of febrile seizure.
   • Which patients should have outpatient imaging and neurology follow-up?
   • Which children with seizure should be admitted to hospital?
8. List 5 reasons for CT Head after seizure and describe management after the 1st peds seizure.
9. List 10 differential diagnoses for headache in peds.
10. List 8 indications for radiologic imaging in patients with headache.
11. With regards to presentation and management, how are migraines different in children?
12. Describe the criteria which define migraine headache (review).
13. List 10 causes of pediatric ataxia.
14. Describe an approach to the pediatric patient with ataxia.
15. List 5 central and 5 peripheral causes of vertigo. Which is the more common cause of vertigo in children?
16. List 8 risk factors for pediatric stroke.

Wisecracks

1. Describe each of the following:
2. • Infantile Spasms
   • Absence Epilepsy
   • Benign Rolandic Epilepsy of Childhood
   • Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
3. What is the most common cause of status epilepticus in children? In adults?
4. List five side effects of therapeutic dilantin use.
5. When is LP indicated in children with febrile seizures?
6. Give causes of acute, acute recurrent, chronic progressive and chronic non-progressive headaches.
7. Describe the presentation of infantile botulism.