The Avant-Garde – The Very Short Introductions Podcast – Episode 58
Nov 10, 2022
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David Cottington, an Emeritus Professor of Art History at Kingston University, explores the transformative concept of the Avant-Garde, a cornerstone of modern culture. He traces its origins back to the French Revolution and contrasts it with romantic ideals from writers like Shelley. The discussion dives into the evolving relationship between avant-garde movements and mainstream culture, revealing ongoing tensions between artistic integrity and market demands. Cottington also highlights how the term has shifted from a critical standard to a marketing buzzword.
The avant-garde signifies a pioneering force in culture, originally aimed at societal progress through artistic innovation and originality.
Over time, the avant-garde's association with consumer culture has diluted its revolutionary essence, creating a split within postmodern artistic ideology.
Deep dives
The Evolution of the Avant-Garde Concept
The avant-garde originally served as a term to signify novelty and originality within cultural practices, indicating works of aesthetic value that diverged from conventional norms. It emerged from the military context during the French Revolution, symbolizing a pioneering force capable of advancing society and its values. Early proponents, such as Count Henri de Saint-Simon, viewed artists as essential drivers for societal progress, which established a framework for integrating artistic creativity into economic renewal. Over time, however, the term has been diluted, often reduced to mere marketing jargon associated with trendy products and services, losing its profound cultural significance.
Professionalization within the Avant-Garde Community
The Parisian avant-garde around the turn of the 20th century saw a surge in professionalization among artists, paralleling trends observed in other middle-class professions such as law and accountancy. This professionalization allowed artists to shape their careers and uphold aesthetic standards, while simultaneously creating a tension with the ideology of rupture that characterized their work. Many artists sought to differentiate themselves from mainstream values through aesthetic innovation, fostering a collaborative community focused on artistic imagination. This dual existence of complicity with and resistance to the forces of professionalization shaped the dynamics and identity of the avant-garde.
The Co-optation of Avant-Garde Ideals by Capitalism
Throughout the mid-20th century, the avant-garde increasingly became entwined with capitalist consumer culture, leading to a significant transformation in its role and perception. Events such as the May 1968 protests in Paris reaffirmed the ideological commitment to imagination and creativity, yet the commodification of the avant-garde diluted its revolutionary spirit. Illustrations of this interchange include the incorporation of avant-garde art into fashion, such as Cecil Beaton's photoshoot for Vogue featuring models in front of Jackson Pollock's work. This co-optation led to a bifurcation within postmodernism, separating those artists who embraced capitalist trends from those who sought to reclaim the critical, libertarian roots of avant-garde ideology.
David Cottington is Emeritus Professor of Art History at Kingston University London, he has published widely on the Cubist movement and the artistic avant-gardes of the early twentieth century.