Here are some major historical events that happened on January 1st:

45 B.C.: The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar, comes into effect.

1600: Scotland adopts January 1st as the beginning of the year, instead of March 25th.

1776: General George Washington raises the Continental Union Flag in Cambridge, Massachusetts, marking the beginning of the Continental Army.

1801: The Act of Union comes into effect, uniting Great Britain and Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

1863: President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring all slaves in Confederate states to be free.

1892: Ellis Island in New York Harbor opens as a U.S. immigration depot.

1959: Fidel Castro leads the Cuban Revolution and takes control of Havana, leading to the establishment of a communist government in Cuba.

1984: The Brunei Revolt begins against the Sultan of Brunei, leading to a state of emergency.

1993: Czechoslovakia peacefully divides into two independent countries, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

2002: The Euro becomes the official currency for 12 of the European Union countries.

These events cover a variety of historical periods and regions, showcasing the diverse significance of January 1st in different contexts.

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