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Long Arc Of English Control
- English rule in Ireland developed over centuries, starting with the Norman invasion in 1169 and solidifying under the Tudors by 1601.
- The Act of Union in 1801 legally joined Ireland to the United Kingdom, framing 19th-century politics.
Nationalism Splits Into Different Strategies
- By the late 1800s Irish nationalism surged but split into very different approaches to independence.
- Understanding these factions is crucial to following the politics of the 1900s and the path to conflict.
Unionist Fear And Mobilization
- Unionists, mainly Protestant and concentrated in Ulster, feared becoming a minority in an independent Ireland.
- They organized the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) in 1912–13 to defend union with Britain by force if needed.