Decoder Ring: A Feel-Good Story About the End of the World
Nov 10, 2024
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Dr. Robin George Andrews, a science writer and author of 'How to Kill an Asteroid,' dives into the fascinating aspects of planetary defense. He recounts the Chelyabinsk incident and the misconceptions about asteroid threats, particularly 'city killers.' Andrews shares insights into NASA's pioneering DART mission aimed at redirecting asteroids, revealing innovative strategies such as collision and unconventional tactics. The discussion emphasizes humanity's capability to tackle existential threats and transform anxiety into proactive engagement for a safer future.
The Chelyabinsk asteroid event exemplified the unforeseen dangers small asteroids present, underscoring the need for increased monitoring and awareness.
NASA's successful DART mission demonstrated humanity's potential to proactively defend against asteroid threats, bolstering hope for future planetary safety strategies.
Deep dives
The Chelyabinsk Asteroid Event
On February 15, 2013, the Russian city of Chelyabinsk experienced a significant asteroid event when a small asteroid, about 60 feet long, entered the Earth's atmosphere and exploded with immense force. This explosion resulted in widespread panic and damage, with more than a thousand people injured and buildings affected up to 30 miles away. The incident, previously thought to be a nuclear attack or alien invasion, highlighted the fact that even small asteroids can cause substantial destruction upon impact. This event served as a wake-up call, illustrating that there are numerous small asteroids in space that can pose a threat to Earth, even if they are not detected in advance due to their size.
Understanding Asteroids and Their Threats
Asteroids are remnants from the early solar system, primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which can occasionally enter a trajectory towards Earth. Scientists categorize asteroids into different sizes, with 'city killers' being a significant concern due to their potential to cause mass devastation if they collide with populated areas. Current estimations suggest that there are tens of thousands of such city killers orbiting near Earth, making the risk of a collision a real consideration for humanity. The research into asteroids escalated after recognizing their role in historical mass extinctions, notably the demise of the dinosaurs, due to a large asteroid impact.
Planetary Defense Efforts and Innovations
In response to the potential threat posed by asteroids, NASA established the Planetary Defense Coordination Office in 2016 to develop strategies for deflecting threatening asteroids. Experts explored various methods for altering an asteroid's path, including nuclear detonation and unconventional ideas such as painting one side of an asteroid to utilize sunlight for gentle nudging. The most promising solution identified was the DART mission, which aimed to directly crash a spacecraft into a binary asteroid system to test the effectiveness of such a deflection method. A successful outcome of the DART mission could revolutionize our approach to planetary defense, showcasing humanity's capability to mitigate a catastrophic event.
The DART Mission and Its Impact
Launched on November 24, 2021, the DART mission conducted the first-ever test of deflecting an asteroid by intentionally crashing a spacecraft into it, specifically targeting the binary asteroid system Didymos and its moonlet Dimorphos. The mission's live monitoring at mission control was filled with anticipation, culminating in a triumphant impact that exceeded initial expectations, successfully altering Dimorphos's orbit. This unprecedented achievement confirmed that technologies for planetary defense can function in reality, instilling a sense of hope for future asteroid threats. The DART mission not only highlighted NASA’s commitment to planetary safety but also represented a significant milestone in humanity's ability to proactively shield itself from cosmic dangers.
The fear that the Earth could be destroyed by a killer asteroid is an anxiety that pops up all the time in fiction and is grounded in fact. But funnily enough—actually being pancaked by a giant space rock? Not something you need to spend a whole lot of time worrying about! And that’s because a bunch of NASA scientists and engineers are already worried about it for us. In this episode, science journalist Dr. Robin George Andrews tells us the story of NASA’s first-ever mission to defend the planet, which is the subject of his new book, How to Kill an Asteroid.
This episode was written and produced by Sofie Kodner. It was edited by Willa Paskin and Evan Chung. Decoder Ring is produced by Willa Paskin, Evan Chung, Max Freedman and Katie Shepherd, with help from Sofie Kodner. Derek John is Executive Producer. Merritt Jacob is Senior Technical Director.
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