Augustine's view on hope as a virtue is explored, challenging the perception of him as a pessimist. The podcast discusses his thoughts on evil, virtue, sin, and grace. Augustine emphasizes the importance of seeking goodness, cautioning against presumption. His connection of hope, faith, and love as virtues is highlighted, and the hosts share how studying his work has changed their attitude towards hope.
Augustine believed that hope is a virtue that directs our desires for the future towards the right objects and in the right ways, emphasizing the importance of humility and recognition of our own imperfections.
Augustine's philosophy encompasses hope for both the afterlife and temporal goods, encouraging us to seek out examples of goodness and have hope for meaningful and important things in this world.
Deep dives
The Positive Side of Augustine: Hope as a Key Element
Augustine, often considered a pessimist, has a more positive side that is often overlooked. His strongly developed ideas about hope form a significant part of his philosophy. Augustine believed that human beings have a natural inclination towards the good and that evil is a falling away or perversion of that goodness. He sees hope as a virtue that directs our desires for the future towards the right objects and in the right ways. He emphasizes the importance of avoiding excessive hope or presumption, and instead cultivates a sense of humility and recognition of our own imperfections. Despite being known for his focus on evil, Augustine acknowledges and celebrates the existence of goodness in the world and encourages us to have hope even in the face of challenges.
Hope for the Present and the Future
While Augustine is often criticized for focusing on hope for the afterlife, his philosophy also encompasses hope for temporal goods and a better society. He believes that the heavenly city, which represents ultimate goodness, can also be realized in the here and now. Augustine recognizes that even in a world corrupted by sin, there are instances of goodness and virtue that we can hope for and work towards. He urges us to seek out examples of goodness in our immediate surroundings and to have hope for meaningful and important temporal goods. He rejects a simplistic binary of optimism and pessimism and offers a more nuanced understanding of hope that encompasses both heaven and earth.
Balancing Hope, Despair, and Presumption
Augustine understands hope as a complex virtue that avoids the vices of excessive optimism and despair. He cautions against presuming that we have earned salvation or that we can achieve our desires solely through our own efforts. While hope can lead to positive outcomes, he acknowledges that sometimes our hopes may go unfulfilled or bring about unexpected results. However, the act of hoping well itself is considered virtuous, regardless of the instrumental outcomes. Augustine's philosophy challenges us to maintain hope in the midst of difficulties and to recognize the presence of goodness even in a world riddled with sin and suffering.
Augustine is usually described as a pessimist with a bleak view of human evil and corruption. Michael Lamb thinks that is a simplistic reading. Augustine has interesting things to say about hope as a virtue.
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