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Freud's Radical Shift in Theory
- Freud's "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" marks a radical shift, confronting limits of his earlier theories.
- It introduces the death drive, challenging the absolute primacy of the pleasure principle.
Dreams vs Nightmares Paradox
- Freud initially defined dreams as wish fulfillments of unconscious desires.
- Nightmares, however, challenge this notion since they increase excitation, not pleasure.
Trauma Dreams Defy Pleasure Principle
- Traumatic dreams involve reliving the event, not mere memory recall.
- This repetition defies the pleasure principle, as it increases excitation instead of reducing it.