S09 E03: The State of Free Speech in UK Universities: What Students and the Public Think
Oct 23, 2023
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Professor Bobby Duffy discusses his research on the state of free speech in UK universities, exploring opposing views on the topic, the shift in political manifestos towards cultural wars, the rise of cancel culture, the changing perception of 'woke', the emergence of anti-woke identity, and support for free speech in UK universities.
A majority of UK undergraduate students believe that free speech and robust debate are well protected in their universities, although there is a minority who have experienced instances where free speech has been inhibited.
The generational gap in attitudes towards free speech is not new and is influenced by societal norms and cultural dynamics, highlighting the need for understanding and accepting these differences.
Deep dives
Support and perception of free speech in UK universities
The podcast discusses a study that examines the current state of free speech in UK universities. The study involved qualitative and quantitative research with undergraduate students and the general public. The findings reveal that a majority of UK undergraduate students believe that free speech and robust debate are well protected in their universities. There has been a slight softening of the belief that academics are free to express their views, but overall, students feel that debates and discussions in universities are civil and respectful. However, there is a minority who have heard of instances where free speech has been inhibited, and this number has increased over the years. The findings also suggest that concerns about free speech in universities are influenced by wider cultural shifts and political dynamics. While some media outlets claim that free speech is well-protected, others argue that it is under threat. The study highlights the complexity of the issue and the need for positive interventions to support free speech in universities.
Social and generational factors influencing free speech concerns
The podcast explores the social and generational factors that contribute to concerns surrounding free speech in universities. It emphasizes that current debates on culture wars and the focus on cultural issues in politics and media influence the discussions on free speech. The analysis shows that certain terms, such as 'woke' and 'cancel culture,' have gained prominence in public awareness, leading to shifts in attitudes. Additionally, there is a difference in perceptions between generations, with older individuals more likely to view certain terms as insults. However, the podcast highlights that these gaps between young and old generations are not new and have been observed across different eras. It concludes that a constant gap in attitudes between generations is to be expected as societal norms change, emphasizing the importance of understanding and accepting these differences.
Challenges and potential solutions for supporting free speech
The podcast emphasizes the challenges inherent in supporting free speech in universities. It notes the difficulties in accurately delineating between offense, threat, and safety, highlighting that students' support for free and open inquiry drops significantly when concerns about threat and safety come into play. The podcast suggests that free speech regulation alone is not sufficient and calls for a comprehensive approach. It recommends adopting a theory of change that assesses the impact of different interventions on free speech in universities. The podcast also suggests positive measures such as training on active listening, contact initiatives to bring polarized groups together, discussion guidelines, and codes of conduct. However, it urges caution in the implementation of legal measures, as high-profile court cases and legal challenges may exacerbate division rather than resolve issues surrounding free speech.
Process value and positive support for free speech
The podcast underscores the process value of free speech and the importance of conducting ourselves effectively when addressing challenges to free speech. It argues that our actions and how we support free speech are as significant as the desired outcomes. The podcast recommends focusing on positive support initiatives in addition to regulation and law. It suggests that bolstering free speech in universities requires reinforcing the outcome we desire while considering the process value. By recognizing the non-neutrality of the space, emphasizing positive support, and being mindful of unintended consequences, we can work towards a stronger and more inclusive environment for free speech in universities.