Psychological research heavily relies on WEIRD societies, but this assumption may be wrong and skew the results. The podcast discusses the origins and traits of WEIRD societies, cultural differences in memory development, and how culture influences perceptual styles and everyday activities. It emphasizes the need for cross-cultural research in psychology.
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Quick takeaways
The dominance of WEIRD societies in psychological research has limited our understanding of human psychological variation and cultural influences.
Cultural factors significantly shape memory, perception, and cognitive processes, highlighting the importance of considering cultural context in research.
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The Impact of Research Skewed Towards WEIRD Societies
Psychological research predominantly uses subjects from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, which are not representative of the broader human population. This skewing of research has limited our understanding of the breadth of human psychological variation. Cultural psychologists emphasize the crucial role of culture in shaping our behavior and psychology, highlighting the need to consider cultural factors in research. Second-generation immigrants exhibit cultural echoes of their parents' origins, demonstrating the lasting influence of cultural experiences. To address this bias, it is important for granting agencies and academic journals to encourage diverse subject pools and for researchers to be more aware of the broader cultural context in which their studies are conducted.
Culture's Influence on Memory and Perception
Culture significantly shapes various cognitive processes, including memory and perception. In European and American cultures, parents emphasize the individual's subjective experiences and their role in past events when sharing memories with children. In contrast, East Asian parents focus on others' roles and emphasize the child's relationships with important individuals. These cultural differences in memory sharing extend to the way children themselves recall past experiences. Additionally, perceptual styles vary across cultures, with Westerners exhibiting an analytic style focusing on parts, while East Asians employ a holistic style perceiving interconnected wholes. Immigrant generations often adapt to the cultural practices of the country they reside in, highlighting the influence of cultural experiences on cognition.
Detecting Psychological Differences Across Cultures
Psychological variation spans a continuous spectrum rather than a simple dichotomy between weird and non-weird societies. Even within Europe and European descent countries, there are significant variations in psychological traits. For instance, the historical exposure to the Roman Catholic Church in different regions of Italy results in variations in psychology. Recognizing this diversity is crucial for understanding innovation, institution-building, and the effectiveness of societal transplants. Psychological research that relies solely on WEIRD subjects fails to capture the breadth of human psychological variation. Promoting cross-cultural research through funding agencies, academic journals, and increased awareness among researchers is essential to address this bias.
Claims about human psychology and behaviour in top international journals are largely based on the WEIRDest people in the world. People from Western Educated Industrialised Rich Democratic - or WEIRD - societies are widely used as research subjects, but the assumption that they represent a universal human population may be vastly wrong, and skew psychological research. More cultural psychology could be the answer.
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