Rationally Speaking #63 - Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge

In this book, Bertrand Russell delves into the core problems of philosophy, particularly focusing on epistemology. He examines the distinction between appearance and reality, the nature of matter, and the types of knowledge we can have. Russell introduces concepts such as 'sense-data' and contrasts them with physical objects, questioning the existence of external objects independent of our perception. He also discusses the theories of various philosophers, including Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and others, to lay the foundation for philosophical inquiry. The book emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and the value of philosophy in challenging common sense and habitual beliefs.

In 'Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge', E.O. Wilson advocates for the integration of knowledge from different fields to create a unified theory of understanding. He draws on the concept of consilience, introduced by William Whewell, which means the 'jumping together' of knowledge by linking facts and theories across disciplines. Wilson explores the chemistry of the mind, the genetic bases of culture, and the biological principles underlying works of art. He argues that a unified approach can lead to a deeper understanding of the human condition and the natural world, and he critiques the fragmentation of knowledge into separate disciplines. The book is a call for a new Enlightenment, emphasizing the importance of science and reason in understanding all aspects of human existence.