Dave Thomas, a retired brewmaster from Coors with over three decades of experience, along with Eric Meyer from Cahaba Brewing and CO2 expert Gabriel Dominguez, delve into the importance of CO2 systems in brewing. They share insights on CO2 quality, revealing how contamination from suppliers can taint beer's flavor. The guests discuss essential filtration techniques and strategies for managing CO2 systems efficiently. Mark Fischer from Deschutes Brewery joins in to underscore the significance of high-quality regulators to prevent costly production losses.
The podcast underscores the vital difference between beverage-grade and food-grade CO2, highlighting that only beverage-grade meets FDA purity standards essential for brewing.
Brewers are advised to implement rigorous filtration systems and maintain positive pressure in CO2 lines to prevent contamination and ensure beer quality.
Economic and environmental benefits of CO2 recovery systems are discussed, emphasizing potential savings through reduced operational costs and improved beer quality.
Deep dives
Understanding CO2 Quality
The podcast emphasizes the critical distinction between beverage-grade and food-grade CO2, highlighting that only beverage-grade CO2 meets FDA standards for purity without harmful pathogens. Beverage-grade CO2 is further refined to lower allowable levels of compounds like acetaldehyde, which can affect the flavor and aroma of the beer. Brewmasters share that even slight variations in CO2 quality can lead to off-flavors, such as a rubbery taste from contaminated CO2 delivery systems. These quality differences underscore the importance of sourcing high-grade CO2, as using inferior quality can result in significant negative outcomes in beer flavor and overall quality.
Root Cause Analysis of CO2 Quality Issues
The episode discusses a notable case where a brewery struggled for years with off-flavors traced back to their CO2 supply. A detailed statistical analysis revealed that specific delivery vehicles were consistently linked to these issues, leading to the identification of contamination from rubber gaskets in the transport tanks. The process involved tasting distilled water that had been bubbled with CO2, which revealed undesirable flavors similar to what was found in the beer. This investigation led to the termination of the problematic supplier, dramatically improving beer quality and resolving the long-standing issue.
Best Practices for CO2 Systems
Key best practices for brewery CO2 systems are explored, including maintaining a positive pressure in lines to prevent moisture and oxygen intrusion, which could compromise CO2 quality. Brewers are advised to ask suppliers detailed questions about CO2 sourcing, handling, and quality assurance measures, such as obtaining certificates of analysis. The podcast highlights the importance of using appropriate piping materials and managing pressures effectively to optimize CO2 delivery and safety. Additionally, brewers are encouraged to set up coalescing filters to capture potential hydrocarbons and maintain high CO2 standards.
Regulatory Considerations and Filtration
The importance of proper filtration in CO2 systems is discussed, particularly for small breweries that may not have extensive resources. It is recommended that even smaller establishments utilize basic filtration methods—like coalescing filters—combined with activated carbon filters to ensure quality CO2 delivery. The podcast warns against the dangers of assuming just any filtration system will suffice, as contaminants like liquid rubber may still enter the system if not properly managed. Monitoring and regular maintenance of filtration systems can prevent larger quality issues from arising and ensure smoother brewing operations.
CO2 Recovery and Its Benefits
The concept of CO2 recovery is presented as an economically and environmentally friendly practice for breweries, specifically emphasizing that breweries should consider their annual CO2 expenditures when deciding on recovery systems. While the initial investment for a CO2 recovery plant can be significant, breweries spending large amounts on CO2 can see a return on investment in reduced operational costs. The podcast also notes that recovered CO2 can often have lower oxygen levels compared to delivered CO2, which can further benefit beer quality. However, breweries must ensure that their recovery systems are properly designed to manage potential impurities from fermentation gases.