Trade union membership in the UK has significantly declined over the past forty years, sparking debates on their relevance today. The hosts explore the historical rise and fall of unions, especially under Thatcher's policies. They analyze current strike tactics and their effectiveness, comparing today’s public sector wage strikes to those of the 1970s. The discussion also covers the evolving role of unions in advocating for workers' rights amid gig economy challenges, spotlighting recent successes in negotiations for better pay and conditions.
Trade union membership in the UK has halved over the last forty years, diminishing their power and political influence significantly.
Modern trade unions are adapting their strategies, focusing on shorter, more strategic strikes and addressing broader workplace issues in the gig economy.
Deep dives
Decline of Trade Union Membership
Trade union membership in the UK has declined significantly over the past few decades, falling from a peak of 13.2 million in 1979 to below 7 million today. This drop represents a decline from 32% of employees being union members in the mid-1990s to just 22% in recent years. The changing landscape of employment has contributed to this trend, as unions have less influence in the smaller, more numerous private sector companies compared to the larger nationalized industries of the past. Consequently, the overall power and political influence of trade unions have diminished considerably since their peak in the 1970s.
Historical Context and the Rise of Trade Unions
In the late 1940s through the 1970s, trade unions wielded significant power, aided by a commitment to full employment and the nationalization of key industries. This era saw unions capable of high-stakes bargaining, demonstrated by pivotal strikes that influenced government policies, particularly during the winter of discontent in 1979. However, inflation and economic pressures began to weaken the unions' relationships with the government by the late 1970s, culminating in a series of significant strikes that highlighted their influence. The subsequent rise of Margaret Thatcher and her policies, which aimed to restrict union power, marked a turning point for trade unions in the UK.
Current Demographics of Union Membership
Today, the demographics of trade union members have shifted, with approximately 60% of union members now working in the public sector, in contrast to their previous stronghold in manufacturing jobs. Recent studies indicate that trade unions are increasingly represented by professionals, such as doctors and teachers, rather than the traditional working-class occupations. This evolution reflects broader societal changes and the decline of manufacturing jobs in the UK economy, altering the nature of union representation. As a result, the link between trade unions and the working class has weakened, influencing the political dynamics of the Labour Party.
Transformations in Strike Tactics and Objectives
Recent years have witnessed a resurgence in strike actions, particularly among public sector workers, but these strikes differ significantly from those of the past. Modern strikes tend to be shorter and more strategic, focusing on one-day actions rather than prolonged industrial action, allowing unions to maximize media attention while minimizing financial strain on their members. This change in tactics has been partially driven by economic realities, where members cannot afford to lose income for extended periods. Additionally, contemporary unions are now addressing broader workplace conditions, seeking improvements in employment security and rights amidst the rise of the gig economy, reflecting a shift in focus from traditional pay negotiations.
Over the last forty years trade union membership in Britain has halved. Critics of the new government have accused it of giving into union demands over public pay. John and Rachel discuss how important trade unions are in the modern workplace.
Hosts: John Curtice and Rachel Wolf
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