Part One: The Alter-Globalization Movement: From the Zapatistas to the Battle of Seattle

Published in February 1936, 'The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money' by John Maynard Keynes revolutionized economic thought by challenging the classical economic theories of his time. Keynes argued that total spending in an economy can fail to generate full employment if total savings exceed total investment. He introduced key concepts such as the 'Principle of Effective Demand,' liquidity preference, and the marginal efficiency of capital. The book emphasizes the importance of aggregate demand, the role of government in stabilizing the economy, and the interaction between monetary and real economic factors. Keynes's theories have had a profound impact on economic policy and continue to influence macroeconomic thought and policy to this day.

In this book, Francis Fukuyama posits that human history is moving towards a state of idealized harmony through the mechanisms of liberal democracy. He argues that liberal democracy is the final form of human government, driven by two powerful forces: the logic of modern science and the struggle for recognition. Fukuyama draws on the philosophical ideas of Hegel and Kojeve, suggesting that liberal democracy meets the economic and psychological needs of humanity, including the desire for recognition and dignity. The book explores the implications of this thesis, including the potential paradox that the satisfaction of basic needs might lead to a lack of outlets for human striving and recognition.

David Graeber's "Direct Action" offers an ethnographic account of the anti-globalization movement, focusing on the strategies, tactics, and experiences of activists. The book delves into the diverse forms of direct action employed, from protests and demonstrations to more creative and unconventional approaches. Graeber analyzes the movement's internal dynamics, highlighting the tensions and collaborations between different groups. He also explores the broader theoretical implications of direct action, challenging conventional understandings of power and resistance. The book provides a rich and nuanced understanding of a significant social movement.