What is the Pharmakon? | Jacques Derrida | Keyword
Jan 12, 2022
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Jacques Derrida, a prominent philosopher known for his work in deconstruction and literary theory, delves into the concept of 'pharmakon'—a term that embodies both remedy and poison. He explores the relationship between writing and speech, arguing that writing is not merely a supplement but essential for truth. Derrida also discusses how the dual nature of pharmakon reflects the complexities within language, highlighting the tension between privileged and subordinated terms. This conversation reveals the intricate dance of communication and meaning.
Derrida's concept of the pharmakon illustrates how writing can simultaneously serve as a remedy and a poison in the pursuit of truth.
The podcast emphasizes the interdependent relationship between speech and writing, challenging the historical dominance of oral discourse in conveying knowledge.
Deep dives
The Concept of Pharmacon in Writing
Derrida's notion of the pharmacon highlights the duality of writing, suggesting that it can serve as both a remedy and a poison. This idea stems from Plato's use of the term, where writing is perceived not just as a tool for communication, but also as something that could hinder genuine engagement in the pursuit of truth. Derrida argues that traditional interpretations of Plato viewed writing as a dead language, limiting its role to a mere supplement to speech. Instead, Derrida posits that writing has a more complex relationship with truth, suggesting that it can be integral to understanding and transcending philosophical ideas.
Derrida's Defense of Writing
In exploring the dialogue between Socrates and Phaedrus in Plato's works, Derrida illustrates how writing was historically perceived as inferior to spoken dialogue. Socrates critiques Phaedrus for reciting someone else’s text, implying that true knowledge emerges from dialogue rather than passive learning from written words. However, Derrida argues that this perspective fails to acknowledge the potential of writing as a valuable form of expression and a pathway to truth. He emphasizes that writing can encapsulate wisdom, demonstrating that it is not merely an inferior reproduction of oral discourse but can foster deeper understanding.
The Relationship Between Speech and Writing
Derrida's analysis underscores how episteme both speech and writing share qualities that challenge the historical prioritization of spoken language over written texts. He contends that both forms of communication are interdependent, with neither able to claim absolute authority in conveying truth. The perceived hierarchy is misleading, as every utterance is imbued with the complexities of context and interpretation much like writing. Ultimately, this re-evaluation reveals that both speech and writing can embody the qualities of a pharmacon, revealing their intricate relationship and shared significance in the quest for knowledge.