Kate McDonald on Asian Mobility History as Labor History
Jul 29, 2024
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Kate McDonald, an Associate Professor of History at UC Santa Barbara specializing in Asian mobility and labor, sheds light on the rich narratives of transport history. She discusses her work on rickshaws and railroads, emphasizing the significance of human-powered transport in understanding labor dynamics. McDonald explores the historical protest movements of rickshaw pullers in Japan and promotes a more inclusive approach to technology studies. Her insights advocate for a global perspective that highlights marginalized voices in the history of mobility and labor.
Kate McDonald's research emphasizes the importance of viewing Asian mobility history through the lens of labor, challenging conventional narratives focused solely on technological advancement.
The persistent use of human-powered transport, such as rickshaws in Japan, highlights the need to reconsider the obsolescence of older technologies in modern transport discussions.
Activism among rickshaw workers underscores the significance of equitable transportation policies, revealing the complexities of transport as both a public good and a livelihood.
Deep dives
The Limitations of Naval Gazing in Scholarship
Scholarship often suffers from a focus on local contexts, particularly in wealthy nations like the United States, which can blind researchers to broader narratives. Many narratives about technology emphasize triumphalist stories of productivity and efficiency, which can overlook the persistence of older methods and technologies. For example, historians have shown that horse-drawn transport was prevalent in America long after the supposed transition to automobiles. This narrow lens limits the ability to see varied technological experiences across different cultures and economies, which is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of human interaction with technology.
The Role of Human-Powered Transportation
Human-powered transportation, such as rickshaws, remains a relevant and significant aspect of modern transport systems, especially in East Asia. Kate McDonald’s research highlights that rickshaws have never ceased to be used in Japan, indicating a continuous reliance on human power in transport. Her book delves into the history of rickshaws as not just a mode of transport but also as symbolic representations of societal history and industrial change. This persistence challenges conventional notions of modernization and the obsolescence of older technologies, urging a reconsideration of how we perceive human labor in the context of transport.
Critiquing Development and Modernity
The argument against viewing transportation solely as a measure of development is prevalent in the discourse on modernization and efficiency. Historical narratives have often presented the need for improved transportation networks as synonymous with societal progress, associated with imperialism and colonialism. McDonald's work reveals that labor concerns, particularly those of rickshaw pullers in early 20th-century Japan, reflect a critique of development narratives that ignore the realities of workers who depend on this form of transportation for their livelihoods. By recognizing these perspectives, we acknowledge the inherent conflicts and inequalities masked by pro-modernity rhetoric.
The Intersection of Labor and Transportation
Understanding transportation through the lens of labor provides fresh insights into its social significance. McDonald emphasizes that rickshaw workers engaged in activism to voice concerns regarding transportation policies that economically disadvantaged them, highlighting the continued relevance of these tensions. Their insistence that the public good cannot overshadow their livelihoods reveals the need for a more nuanced approach to understanding transport as both a public service and a means of income for workers. This viewpoint reshapes the conversation about what constitutes effective transportation policies in today’s economy, urging a focus on equitable considerations for all parties involved.
Reimagining Innovation Beyond Capitalism
Innovation should not be viewed strictly through the capitalist lens of profitability and technological superiority; it can also encompass social and labor advancements. McDonald advocates for recognizing labor organizing as a form of significant innovation in the transportation sector, illustrating the ways in which workers adapt and negotiate challenges within their environments. By including labor dynamics in discussions about transportation technologies, we redefine what constitutes meaningful progress. This broader view of innovation allows for the exploration of multiple avenues for improvement that centralize the voices and needs of workers themselves.
Peoples & Things host, Lee Vinsel, talks to Kate McDonald, Associate Professor of History at University of California, Santa Barbara, about her fascinating research on the history of mobility in Asia and how it looks different when we approach it as a history of work and labor. The pair traverse McDonald’s career from her current project, The Rickshaw and the Railroad: Human-Powered Transport in the Age of the Machine, to her first book,Placing Empire: Travel and the Social Imagination in Imperial Japan (U California Press, 2017) to digital humanities projects she has helped lead. Along the way, they talk about the craft of historical research and what we can learn by revisiting classic texts with mobility and the work of transportation in mind.