Andrew Owen, a serious student of the Bible, discusses the atonement and what Christ accomplished on the cross. Topics include the need for a substitute, victory over enemies, sacrifice for purification, restoration through Christ, limited atonement in Calvinistic doctrine, unlimited atonement and Provenient Grace, the moral influence theory, the governmental theory, the Christus Victor model, and the benefits of Christ's death for believers.
Recapitulation theory emphasizes the importance of Christ's sinless life and covenantal relationship with man as crucial components of the atonement, complementing penal substitutionary atonement.
Ransom to Satan theory misinterprets Jesus' sacrifice, attributing it to Satan instead of God, which deviates from biblical teaching and reflects a dualism error.
Satisfaction theory recognizes the justice and honor of God's law, stressing the necessity of a God-man to pay the infinite debt caused by sin, but must be understood in conjunction with penal substitutionary atonement.
Deep dives
Recapitulation Theory
Recapitulation theory emphasizes the necessity of Christ's active obedience and the covenantal nature of God's relationship with man. It highlights the need for Christ to live sinlessly to earn the righteousness imputed to us. However, it should be held complementary to penal substitutionary atonement.
Ransom to Satan Theory
Ransom to Satan theory wrongly attributes Satan as the recipient of the payment for sin. It deviates from the biblical teaching that Jesus died to appease God, not Satan. This theory grants too much power and credit to Satan and falls into a dualism error.
Satisfaction Theory
Satisfaction theory rightly acknowledges the justice and honor of God's law. It emphasizes the need for a God-man to pay the infinite debt owed by sin. However, in isolation, it deviates from the biblical teaching of penal substitutionary atonement.
Moral Influence Theory
Moral influence theory rightly emphasizes the subjective element of Christ's death and stirs affections towards Christ. However, it deviates from the biblical teaching that dead souls cannot feel those affections and distort the doctrine of God.
Governmental Theory
Governmental theory rightly upholds God's care for creation and the holiness of God's law. However, it wrongly identifies the source of the law's holiness and contradicts the biblical teaching that the punishment of sin satisfies God's honor.
In this special Holy Week episode, Caleb discusses the doctrine of the atonement with friend and church member Andrew Owen. Andrew is a serious student of the Bible, a lover of covenant theology, and historical theology thus offering a helpful perspective on just what Christ accomplished on the cross for his people and why we should spend sustained time during this Christian holiday contemplating the work of Jesus Christ on the cross.
Recommended Resources:
But for the Grace of God: An Exposition of the Canons of Dort by Cornelis Venema https://a.co/d/iki1blM
Salvation Accomplished by the Son: The Work of Christ by Robert Peterson https://a.co/d/67fCyBG
From Heaven He Came and Sought Her: Definite Atonement in Historical, Biblical, Theological, and Pastoral Perspective by multiple authors https://a.co/d/eMp3U3v
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