CRACKCast E209 – Diplopia

Core Questions: 

1. What is diplopia and how is it classified?
2. What four questions help clinicians delineate the potential cause of a patient’s diplopia?
3. What are the cardinal directions of gaze and how are they tested?
4. Outline the physical exam for the patient with monocular and binocular diplopia.
5. Outline the DDx for monocular diplopia?
6. Outline the DDx for binocular diplopia? [Table 18.1]
7. Detail the different oculomotor palsies. [Figure 18.3]
8. Detail the various lacunar stroke syndromes. [Box 18.1]
9. Define internuclear ophthalmoplegia.
10. What ancillary tests are required for the patient presenting with diplopia? [Figure 18.4]

Wisecracks: 

1. What are the most common oculomotor palsies and what causes them?
2. What is orbital apex syndrome?
3. What is the “rule of the pupil” and how reliable is it?
4. Detail the physical exam maneuvers used to identify patients with myasthenia gravis.