The Evolution of Nuclear Testing

Nuclear testing by the United States has transformed dramatically since the Cold War, moving from above-ground tests to more controlled underground experiments. After stopping above-ground tests in the 1960s due to environmental concerns, the U.S. shifted focus to underground testing until a cessation in 1992, influenced by political and technological advancements. With the rise of powerful supercomputers, such as the El Capitan at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, simulations can now effectively model nuclear weapons without actual detonations. Scientists utilize advanced computing capabilities to confirm the reliability of nuclear arsenals while ensuring compliance with testing moratoriums.