Exploring the rare emergence of cicadas every 13 or 17 years, impacting ecosystems and bird populations. Discover the fascinating interaction between zombie cicadas and ants, and the effects on trees and forest ecosystems.
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Quick takeaways
Cicadas synchronize emergence based on soil temperature, transforming ecosystems with noise as loud as a jet engine.
Predators like birds experience a surge in populations due to cicada emergence, altering food chains and impacting seed dispersal mechanisms.
Deep dives
The Phenomenon of Periodical Cicadas Emergence
Billions of cicadas, after more than a decade underground, are emerging, creating a noise as loud as a jet engine. Co-emergence of two broods, Brood 13 and Brood 19, is occurring for the first time in 200 years, making this event highly rare. The cicadas, with a unique life cycle spent mostly underground as nymphs, emerge to mate after years of feeding on tree sap. They synchronize their emergence based on the soil temperature and can transform entire ecosystems.
Impacts on Ecosystems and Food Webs
The emergence of cicadas causes a frenzy among predators like birds, altering the food chain as birds shift their diet to consume the abundant cicadas. This sudden influx of food resource can lead to a surge in bird populations of certain species, impacting seed dispersal mechanisms of plants, particularly wildflowers. Additionally, the cicadas can have short-term negative effects on trees, slowing down growth and affecting acorn production due to the insects' oviposition behavior.
Scientific Studies and Resilience of Forests
Scientists are conducting research during the cicada emergence to study its effects on various species, such as ants and their roles in seed dispersal. Ants overwhelmed by cicadas as a food source may disrupt seed distribution of wildflowers. While cicadas can pose challenges to trees and acorn production in the short term, forests show resilience and recover relatively quickly from the impacts, ensuring a temporary dip in productivity rather than long-lasting damage.
The last time these exact cicada broods emerged from the ground at the same time, Thomas Jefferson was president. The red-eyed bugs come out looking for love and change forest ecosystems forever. Vox’s Benji Jones thinks it’s magical.
This show was produced by Victoria Chamberlin, edited by Miranda Kennedy, fact-checked by Laura Bullard, engineered by David Herman, and hosted by Rebeca Ibarra.