History Daily The Sand Creek Massacre
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Nov 29, 2024 On November 29, 1864, U.S. soldiers brutally attacked a peaceful Native American village, igniting fury among the tribes. The aftermath saw survivors united in grief and anger, as Chief Black Kettle's efforts for peace crumbled. The broken promises of treaties set the stage for conflict, intensified by the gold rush. As tensions rose, the stark contrast between Black Kettle's peaceful intentions and the violent ambitions of Colonel Chivington culminated in a sorrowful legacy, remembered today as a vital part of American history.
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Treaty of Fort Wise
- In 1861, Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs, led by Black Kettle and White Antelope, met with U.S. officials at Fort Wise.
- The U.S. government pressured the tribes to accept a drastically reduced reservation size, a fraction of what was promised in the 1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie.
Black Kettle's Premonition
- Black Kettle, troubled by premonitions, couldn't sleep the night before the Sand Creek Massacre.
- He was worried about the rising tensions between settlers and natives, particularly after Governor Evans' call to "kill and destroy all hostile Indians."
Chivington's Ambition
- Colonel Chivington, eager for military glory, saw the perceived Native American threat as an opportunity to advance his career.
- He disregarded peace efforts and led an attack on Sand Creek despite knowing it was populated mainly by women and children.
