In this insightful discussion, Dr. Mike Green, an expert in emergency medicine and mountain rescue, delves into the complexities of managing mildly hypothermic patients in wilderness settings. He highlights the surprising benefits of ambulating such patients during rescues, redefining traditional protocols. The conversation also covers the innovative use of CPAP masks for improving oxygenation at high altitudes and the vital role of medical directors in search and rescue operations, emphasizing effective communication and continuous education in wilderness practices.
The debate over the treatment of mildly hypothermic patients highlights contrasting guidelines from the Wilderness Medical Society and the International Commission for Alpine Rescue.
Recent studies demonstrate that mobilizing alert mildly hypothermic patients to safety may not result in adverse outcomes, challenging conventional treatment approaches.
Aspiring medical directors of rescue teams must possess robust training, manage quality improvement, and navigate legal aspects to ensure effective oversight.
Deep dives
Walking Mildly Hypothermic Patients: Guidelines and Controversies
Current guidelines regarding the treatment of mildly hypothermic patients have generated debate within the medical community. The Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) guidelines state that patients with mild hypothermia should be insulated and calorically replenished without walking or standing for 30 minutes. In contrast, the International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR) suggests that awake and alert patients may begin mobilization if it aids their rescue. This divergence in recommendations stems from differing interpretations of the potential risks associated with after drop, which can occur when a hypothermic patient is relocated.
Real-World Evidence on Patient Mobilization
A recent study involving 108 mountain rescue cases found that mobilizing mildly hypothermic patients did not lead to adverse outcomes, challenging the conventional approach. The study included only those patients deemed alert on the AVPU scale and ensured they had clinical symptoms consistent with mild hypothermia. Notably, most participants who were also stationary when found were able to walk out of the wilderness safely, suggesting that early mobilization can be effective. This evidence supports a reevaluation of existing guidelines, considering both patient safety and the conditions faced by rescue teams.
Defining Mild Hypothermia: Importance of Conscious Level
Understanding the severity of hypothermia is crucial to determining proper treatment methods, particularly regarding consciousness levels. The WMS defines mild hypothermia based on various observable signs, but accurately gauging a patient's alertness is essential for safe mobilization. The AVPU scale categorizes patients based on their alertness, helping rescuers assess cardiovascular risk. As alterations in consciousness can indicate a worsening condition, identifying these signs early can inform necessary interventions and helpline designations.
Use of CPAP in High Altitude Situations
Research on the effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) at high altitudes has shown promising results for managing hypoxia. A recent study with subjects at high altitudes indicated that those using a CPAP machine experienced improved oxygen saturation compared to those who did not. This finding suggests that incorporating CPAP into rescue scenarios at extreme altitudes could aid in preventing hypoxemia and enhancing exercise tolerance. Additionally, further exploration into smaller and lighter CPAP devices may facilitate better integration into rescue operations as well.
Becoming a Medical Director for Rescue Teams
Individuals aspiring to be medical directors for search and rescue teams must meet specific expectations and qualifications to provide effective oversight. Responsibilities include ensuring providers are properly trained and credentialed while maintaining quality improvement in patient care. A solid understanding of emergency medical systems and coordination with various rescue organizations enhances the effectiveness of medical directors. Additionally, each director must navigate the complexities of medical legal considerations in the field to ensure the safety and compliance of their team.
#35: Walking Cold Patients
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine journal online: www.wemjournal.org
Questions/comments/feedback and/or interest in participating? Send an email to: WMPodcast@wms.org
Part 1: Journal Club
Title: The Outcome of Walking Cold Patients with Potential Mild Hypothermia to Safety—A Mountain Rescue Case Series
Article link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10806032241259943
CME Available: wms.org/members
Part 2
A literature review on CPAP masks to assist high altitude endeavors.
Part 3: So, you want to be a medical director for a rescue team? We will discuss the new WMS CPG on the topic.
Article link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10806032241249126
Audio editing: Tom Conklin (www.tomconklinvoice.com)
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